Cov thyroid tswj hwm lub cev cov metabolism hauv los ntawm kev tso tawm ob yam tshuaj hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) thiab thyroxine (T4) Cov thyroid kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim tawm ntau dhau (ntau dhau) lossis qis (tsawg dhau) ntawm cov thyroid hormones. Kev tsim tawm ntau dhau lossis qis dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob hauv cov thyroid. Cov kab mob thyroid feem ntau yog goiter, hypothyroidism, thiab hyperthyroidism. Paub seb koj puas muaj ib qho ntawm cov kab mob no yuav xav tau mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab qee qhov kev sim, tab sis koj tuaj yeem paub koj tus kheej nrog cov tsos mob ntawm txhua tus kom koj paub thaum twg qee yam yuav tawm nrog koj cov thyroid.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Goiter
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm paub txog goiter
Tus mob goiter yog qhov txawv txav ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Nws muaj ntau dua rau poj niam dua li txiv neej. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ib txwm, ib tus neeg lossis kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem hnov lub qog ua haujlwm hauv lub cev, tab sis yog tias koj muaj goiter, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem hnov nws.
Goiter tej zaum yuav yog vim yog cov thyroid o lossis ntau yam kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia txog hypothyroidism (cov thyroid tsis ua haujlwm) lossis hyperthyroidism (cov thyroid ua haujlwm ntau dhau)
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm goiter
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm goiter yog goiter, cov qog cov qog ua haujlwm uas koj tuaj yeem hnov. Feem ntau cov tib neeg nrog goiter tsis muaj lwm yam tsos mob. Cov thyroid yog cov qog ua lub ntsej muag zoo li lub ntsej muag nyob hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub caj dab, tsuas yog qis dua Adas lub kua thiab tsuas yog saum lub caj dab. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem hnov cov qog no, tom qab ntawd koj yuav muaj tus mob goiter. Yog tias goiter loj hlob txaus, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- O los yog nruj ntawm lub caj dab
- Ua pa nyuaj
- Kev nqos nyuaj
- Hnoos
- Hnov
- Hnov suab
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog qhov ua tau ntawm goiter
Txhawm rau pab koj tus kws kho mob txhim kho txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xav txog txhua yam xwm txheej yav dhau los uas koj muaj uas tej zaum yuav ua rau mob plab. Ua rau goiter muaj xws li:
- Iodine tsis txaus. Kev tsis muaj iodine yog qhov ua rau goiter thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Meskas vim tias cov ntsev ntsev tau ntxiv nrog iodine.
- Kab mob Graves. Graves's kab mob yog kab mob autoimmune uas ua rau hyperthyroidism (ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm cov thyroid hormones). Tus kab mob no ua rau lub cev tsim cov protein, cov thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), uas tawm tsam cov qog ntshav. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau cov qog ua qog thiab ua kom cov thyroid ntau dhau vim tias TSI ua cov haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm Graves tus kab mob suav nrog ua rau pom qhov muag, ntxhov siab, hnov sov, poob phaus, thiab nquag txav plab. Kev kho rau Graves tus kab mob suav nrog kev kho kab mob qog noj ntshav uas txo cov thyroid kev ua haujlwm, yog li koj yuav xav tau noj cov thyroid hloov cov tshuaj tom qab kho tas.
- Hashimoto tus kab mob. Hashimoto tus kab mob yog kab mob autoimmune uas ua rau hypothyroidism (qis dua cov thyroid hormones). Tus kab mob no tshwm sim thaum lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv cov thyroid, uas ua rau cov qog ua haujlwm o. Nws maj mam maj mam dhau xyoo thiab ua rau cov thyroid tsis zoo ua rau qib qis ntawm cov thyroid hormones. Tus kab mob no tseem paub tias yog cov kab mob lymphatic thyroiditis ntev. Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm Hashimoto tus kab mob tuaj yeem suav nrog qaug zog, kev nyuaj siab, mob sib koom, hnyav nce, thiab cem quav.
- Cov thyroid nodules. Thyroid nodules yog cov qog lossis qhov txawv txav hauv cov thyroid. Tej zaum lawv yuav khov lossis puv nrog kua lossis ntshav. Cov tib neeg yuav muaj ib qho thyroid nodule (nyob ib leeg) lossis ntau. Lawv muaj ntau thiab yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov pej xeem yuav muaj lawv nyob rau qee kis hauv lawv lub neej. Feem ntau cov thyroid nodules tsis ua rau muaj tsos mob thiab 90% yog benign (tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav). Qee cov thyroid nodules tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov thyroid ntau dhau (hyperthyroidism) thiab ib qho me me txawm tias yog cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Hyperthyroidism
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm paub txog hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, lossis cov thyroid ua haujlwm ntau dhau, tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones ntau dhau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov metabolism hauv lub cev tau nce siab. Tus kab mob no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, uas ua rau cov thyroid ua rau mob thiab ua rau cov tshuaj hormones ntau dhau.
- Hyperthyroidism tsawg dua li hypothyroidism.
- Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm hyperthyroidism hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog autoimmune teeb meem Graves 'kab mob.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob, yog li nws yuav nyuaj rau qhia yog tias koj muaj hyperthyroidism raws li cov tsos mob ib leeg. Koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob kom kuaj seb puas yog hyperthyroidism yog qhov ua rau koj cov tsos mob. Cov tsos mob ntawm hyperthyroidism tuaj yeem suav nrog:
- Poob phaus
- Qaug zog
- Lub plawv dhia ceev
- Lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem
- Kev ntxhov siab lossis tshee tshee
- Chim siab
- Qhov muag tawm
- Teeb meem pw tsaug zog
- Tuav tes thiab ntiv tes
- Kev tawm hws ntau ntxiv
- Hnov rhiab rau cua sov
- Cov leeg tsis muaj zog
- Raws plab
- Hloov hauv kev coj khaub ncaws
- Kev loj hlob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas (goiter)
- Erectile kawg
- Tsawg libido kev sib deev
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog koj qhov kev pheej hmoo
Qee tus neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm kev tsim hyperthyroidism vim qee yam muaj feem cuam tshuam. Risk yam tseem ceeb rau hyperthyroidism suav nrog:
- Muaj hnub nyoog nce
- Muab tus poj niam thaum yug los
- Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm hyperthyroidism
- Iodine ntxiv tom qab tsis txaus
- Cov kab mob autoimmune xws li hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, mob caj dab rheumatoid, thiab lupus
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Hypothyroidism
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm paub txog hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism, lossis cov thyroid tsis ua haujlwm, tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov metabolism hauv lub cev tau qeeb. Qee qhov tsos mob tsuas yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim nrog hyperthyroidism.
Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm hypothyroidism hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog autoimmune teeb meem Hashimoto tus kab mob. Tus kab mob no ua rau mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov thyroid uas txo nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov tshuaj hormones
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob
Cov tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism feem ntau tshwm sim qeeb dhau lub hlis lossis xyoo. Zoo li hyperthyroidism, cov tsos mob hypothyroidism muaj ntau yam yog li koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob kom paub tseeb tias hypothyroidism yog qhov ua rau koj cov tsos mob. Cov tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism tuaj yeem suav nrog:
- Qaug zog
- Hnov txias thaum lwm tus tsis ua
- Cem quav
- Qhov hnyav nce
- Tsis zoo mloog
- Cov leeg tsis muaj zog
- Mob sib koom
- Mob nqaij
- Kev nyuaj siab
- Qhuav, thinning plaub hau
- Daj, tawv nqaij qhuav
- Kev loj hlob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas (goiter)
- Ua kom cov ntshav cov cholesterol
- Lub plawv dhia qeeb
- Txo tawm hws
- Lub ntsej muag puffiness
- Los ntshav ntau dhau lawm
- Suab nrov
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog koj qhov kev pheej hmoo
Qee tus neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm kev tsim cov mob hypothyroidism vim qee yam kev pheej hmoo. Cov teeb meem pheej hmoo rau hypothyroidism suav nrog:
- Muaj hnub nyoog nce
- Poj niam txiv neej
- Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm hypothyroidism
- Cov kab mob autoimmune xws li ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab mob caj dab rheumatoid
- Kev kho nrog tshuaj antithyroid
- Kev kho mob nrog tshuaj iodine radioactive
- Kev phais cov thyroid dhau los
- Yav dhau los kis ntawm lub caj dab lossis hauv siab hauv cheeb tsam kom tawg
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Tau Txais Kev Pab Kho Mob
Kauj Ruam 1. Teem caij nrog koj tus kws kho mob
Yog koj xav tias koj muaj tus kab mob thyroid, teem sijhawm nrog koj tus kws kho mob tam sim kom tau txais kev kuaj mob thiab kho yog tias xav tau. Cov kab mob hauv cov thyroid tuaj yeem kuaj pom siv ntau txoj hauv kev. Nco ntsoov tias koj qhia koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua cov tsos mob uas koj tab tom ntsib.
Kauj Ruam 2. Thov kuaj ntshav
Ntau qhov kev kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob thyroid. Koj tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav xaj ntshav ua ntej vim tias lawv yooj yim ua thiab lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb puas yog koj cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov teeb meem thyroid. Cov kev xeem no suav nrog:
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Qhov kev kuaj no ib txwm yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev kuaj mob teeb meem cov thyroid. TSH kuaj ntshav yog qhov ntsuas raug tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj mob hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism. Tsawg TSH cuam tshuam nrog hyperthyroidism, thaum siab TSH sib cuam tshuam nrog hypothyroidism. Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas TSH txawv txav, tom qab ntawd koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj ntxiv txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem.
- Thyroxine (T4). Kev kuaj ntshav uas qhia txog qib T4 sib cuam tshuam nrog hypothyroidism, thaum kuaj uas qhia qib siab cuam tshuam nrog hyperthyroidism.
- Triiodothyronine (T3). Kev kuaj ntshav T3 kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev lees paub hyperthyroidism. Yog tias T3 qib nce, nws qhia tau tias koj muaj hyperthyroidism. Kev kuaj ntshav T3 tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev kuaj mob hypothyroidism.
- Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). Kev kuaj ntshav TSI tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas tus kab mob Graves, feem ntau ua rau hyperthyroidism.
- Antithyroid tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov thyroid tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas Hashimoto tus kab mob, feem ntau ua rau hypothyroidism.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nug txog kev ntsuas duab
Ntau yam kev ntsuas duab kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm no yog tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rov qab zoo li txawv txav. Kev ntsuas duab yuav suav nrog:
- Ultrasound. Ultrasound siv lub suab nthwv dej uas tawm ntawm lub cev los tsim cov duab ntawm lawv cov qauv. Cov duab no tuaj yeem pab cov kws kho mob saib cov ntaub so ntswg hauv cov thyroid. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov nodules, hlwv, lossis calcifications hauv cov qog. Txawm li cas los xij, ultrasound tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo (tsis mob qog noj ntshav) lossis mob qog noj ntshav (mob qog noj ntshav).
- Xeem tomography (CT) scan. CT scan nrog lossis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem siv los saib cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov goiter loj. Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem nthuav qhia cov qog ntshav hauv cov tib neeg uas tau kuaj xyuas vim li cas tsis cuam tshuam nrog.
- Thyroid scan nrog cov tshuaj iodine nqus (RAIU). Kev kuaj cov thyroid yog ib hom kev tshawb fawb nuclear uas siv cov tshuaj iodine uas muaj hluav taws xob los ntsuas cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog qog. Cov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov thyroid nodule lossis pab txheeb xyuas hyperthyroidism.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xav txog qhov xav tau rab koob hnoos qeev (FNA) kuaj lub cev yog xav tau
Txij li nws nyuaj lossis tseem tsis tuaj yeem qhia tau yog tias kev loj hlob yog mob qog noj ntshav siv duab nrog, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj FNA txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb cov qog ntshav qog ntshav yog benign (tsis mob qog noj ntshav) lossis ua rau mob qog noj ntshav (mob qog noj ntshav).
- Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, rab koob me me, txuas rau lub koob txhaj tshuaj yuav muab tso rau hauv cov qog ntshav qog ntshav qab zib siv cov lus qhia ultrasound.
- Cov piv txwv ntawm cov cell hauv qhov nodule yuav raug rub mus rau hauv rab koob thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas.
- Cov hlwb yuav raug saib hauv lub tsom iav los ntawm tus kws paub txog kab mob, tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob, leej twg yuav txiav txim siab seb cov cell puas zoo lossis tsis zoo.
