Cataract yog thaj chaw uas muaj huab uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm lub qhov muag, uas ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev - feem ntau yog qhov muag tsis pom kev, ci thiab nyeem nyuaj. Feem ntau qhov cataracts tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus dua 55 xyoos thiab lawv zoo li yuav maj mam nce. Kev phais tsis tas yuav xav tau, tab sis thaum lub zeem muag tsis zoo hais rau nws, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog tshem lub qhov muag lub lens thiab hloov nws nrog lub iav dag. Cataract phais yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho qhov muag (kws kho qhov muag) thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb heev, yog li qhov muaj sia nyob tiag tiag tsis yog kev txhawj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev npaj kom raug rau kev phais thiab zam kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem tom qab yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias koj kev phais cataract yog ua tiav.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Npaj rau Kev phais Cataract
Kauj Ruam 1. Soj ntsuam qhov ntsuas qhov muag
Thaum nws tau txiav txim siab tias koj qhov teeb meem pom kev yog vim muaj kab mob cataract (s), koj yuav tau nug koj tus kws kho mob kom kuaj mob li ib lub lim tiam lossis ua ntej kev phais. Feem ntau koj tus kws kho qhov muag yuav ua qhov kev kuaj mob tsis muaj mob (hu ua A-scan) txhawm rau ntsuas qhov loj thiab qhov zoo ntawm koj lub qhov muag (s) yog li lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom twg thiab qhov loj ntawm lub lens cog cog siv thaum phais.
- Qhov nkhaus ntawm koj lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog txheej txheem hu ua keratometry.
- Nws yog qhov yooj yim txhawm rau kuaj pom cataracts, txawm tias tsis pom qhov muag, vim tias lub qhov muag ntawm lub qhov muag zoo li pos huab lossis tsis pom kev thiab thaum kawg tsis pom qhov xim ntawm tus neeg lub qhov muag.
- Cataracts feem ntau txhim kho hauv ob lub qhov muag tib lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias ib lub qhov muag yuav zoo dua thiab muaj lub zeem muag tsis zoo dua lwm qhov.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsis txhob noj tshuaj uas yuav ua rau kom ntshav nce ntxiv
Raws li yog ib qho txheej txheem phais mob, koj tus kws kho qhov muag yuav hais kom koj tsum tsis txhob noj ib qho ntawm lub khw lossis tshuaj yuav tshuaj ib ntus uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav thaum lub sijhawm phais cataract. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej ntawd, tsis txhob noj qee yam tshuaj tsawg kawg ib hnub (tej zaum ob) ua ntej koj tau teem sijhawm rau txheej txheem.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (tshuaj aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen), qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob (diclofenac) thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj ua kom ntshav (warfarin) yuav tsum raug tso tseg ib ntus.
- Alpha-blocker tshuaj (Flomax, Hytrin, Cadura, Uroxatral) rau cov teeb meem prostate kuj tseem muaj teeb meem vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm kev ua kom raug thaum lub sijhawm phais.
- Tsis txhob hnov qab txog tshuaj ntsuab. Ginkgo biloba, tshuaj qej, qhiav, Asian ginseng, feverfew thiab pom palmetto kuj tseem yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ob peb hnub vim tias zoo li "nyias" cov ntshav ib yam nkaus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Noj tshuaj tua kab mob qhov muag
Koj tus kws kho qhov muag kuj tseem yuav pom zoo tias koj ua qhov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob qhov muag poob pib ob peb hnub ua ntej kev phais. Tshuaj tua kab mob qhov muag txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob tom qab phais thaum koj lub cev tsis muaj zog lossis ua haujlwm dhau los. Cov qhov muag me me no tau sau tseg thiab tsis feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov khaus lossis khaus hauv koj lub qhov muag.
- Ntxiv ob peb tee dej rau txhua lub qhov muag (txawm tias koj tsuas muaj cataract hauv ib lub qhov muag) 3x txhua hnub, tshwj xeeb yog ua ntej tawm hauv tsev rau koj lub sijhawm teem phais mob.
- Yog tias koj tsis tau sau tshuaj tua kab mob qhov muag poob rau qee qhov laj thawj (ua xua?), Muaj txoj hauv kev los tua cov kab mob hauv koj lub qhov muag. Xav txog kev siv cov kua ntsev (dej ntsev), nyiaj colloidal lossis diluted hydrogen peroxide (3% tov diluted 50/50 nrog dej distilled).
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob noj lossis haus dej ua ntej phais
Lwm qhov kev pom zoo rau txhua yam kev phais yog tsis noj zaub mov lossis haus dej haus li 12 teev ua ntej tus txheej txheem. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov xeev siab feem ntau nrog rau tshuaj loog hauv zos, thiab nws txaus ntshai ntuav thaum koj nyob nraum koj nraub qaum vim tias koj tuaj yeem hnoos. Dej me ntsis tuaj yeem tso cai, tab sis zam kev haus txhua yam ntxiv.
- Teem caij koj teem sijhawm thaum sawv ntxov yog li koj tseem tuaj yeem noj ib yam dab tsi rau noj hmo yav tsaus ntuj ua ntej thiab tsis tshaib plab heev.
- Kev haus dej cawv yog qhov tsis muaj-tsis yog vim nws thins cov ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txhaws, yog li zam txhua yam dej cawv kom tsawg kawg 24 teev ua ntej kev phais.
- Koj cov pluas noj zaum kawg ua ntej yuav phais yuav tsum maj mam txhawm rau txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm plab zom mov thiab kub siab. Zam cov zaub mov rog, kib thiab ntsim.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Tau Cataract Surgery
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv qhov tshuaj loog hauv zos
Yuav luag txhua tus neeg tau txais kev ntxhov siab ua ntej mus rau cov txheej txheem phais thiab txhawj xeeb tias nws yuav ua rau mob. Coob leej ntau tus tsis txaus siab txog qhov muaj ib feem ntawm lawv lub qhov muag txiav tawm thiab hloov pauv. Xws li, qee tus neeg raug ntxias kom thov tshuaj loog dav dav kom lawv tsaug zog tag thaum lub sijhawm phais cataract. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg mob feem ntau tseem tuaj yeem tsaug zog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tsuas xav tau tshuaj loog hauv zos, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg ntawm kev ua xua.
- Kev siv tshuaj loog hauv zos siv tshuaj sedative, tshuaj pleev tshuaj pleev tshuaj lossis txhaj tshuaj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag tau siv ntau zaus ntau dua li tshuaj loog vim tias nws tseem tso cai rau cov neeg mob rov qab mus ua haujlwm sai dua - feem ntau hauv 24 teev.
- Yog tias koj tau muab rau hauv ib cheeb tsam thiab ua kom sedative, koj yuav nyob tsis tsaug zog, tab sis xav tias groggy thaum lub sijhawm phais cataract.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nug txog hom kev phais
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cataract: phacoemulsification thiab extracapsular cataract extraction. Phacoemulsification cuam tshuam nrog ntxig ib rab koob zoo li sojntsuam rau hauv koj lub qhov muag lub qhov muag kom tawg qhov cataract nrog ultrasound nthwv dej, thiab tom qab ntawd nqus tawm qhov tawg me me. Extracapsular cataract extraction yuav tsum tau phais loj dua txhawm rau txiav tawm thiab tshem tawm cov pos huab ntawm lub lens.
- Saib rau tus kws kho qhov muag uas tau ntsib nrog phacoemulsification vim tias nws ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg rau koj lub qhov muag. Qhov tseeb, cov xaum xaum xaum yuav tsis xav tau los kaw qhov txhab me me ntawm koj lub qhov muag.
- Hauv kev sib piv, qhov kev phais loj dua xav tau nrog kev tshem tawm qhov muag cataract xav tau kev xaws thiab lub sijhawm rov zoo dua, nrog rau qhov pheej hmoo me ntsis ntawm cov teeb meem, xws li ntshav ntau dhau thiab kis kab mob.
- Txawm hais tias yog hom txheej txheem twg, phais cataract yog txheej txheem kho mob sab nrauv thiab feem ntau siv sijhawm tsawg dua ib teev los ua. Yog tias koj muaj cataracts hauv ob lub qhov muag, koj yuav muaj 2 txoj kev sib cais sib nrug ob peb hlis sib nrug.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xaiv hom lens
Muaj ntau hom kev lo ntsiab muag uas tau cog thaum lub sijhawm phais cataract. Kev hloov lub lens, hu ua intraocular lens lossis IOL, yog ua los ntawm cov yas nruj, acrylic lossis silicone yooj ywm. Yog tias nws tsim nyog rau koj rooj plaub, xaiv hom IOL uas hloov pauv tau vim tias lawv tuaj yeem haum los ntawm qhov txhab me me uas xav tau ob peb lossis tsis muaj qhov xaws kaw, uas txo lub sijhawm rov qab los. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam koj xaiv.
- Hauv kev sib piv, cov yas yas IOLs xav tau qhov txhab loj dua thiab ntau qhov xaws kaw, uas ua rau lub sijhawm rov zoo dua thiab pheej hmoo muaj teeb meem.
- Hom IOL nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov zoo ntawm koj lub qhov muag, qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag thiab tus kws kho mob nyiam siv qee yam khoom siv.
- Nug koj tus kws phais mob txog cov kev xaiv rau IOLs. Qee hom tau tsim los thaiv tawm hluav taws xob UV, thaum lwm tus ua haujlwm zoo li bifocals (muab kev pom ze thiab nyob deb).
- Feem ntau, IOL ua rau pom kev zoo dua, txawm hais tias nws tsis feem ntau kho kom ze lossis pom kev deb.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Rov Qab Los Tom Qab Kev phais
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub tias yuav ua dab tsi
Tom qab koj phais cataract, koj yuav tsum cia siab tias koj lub zeem muag yuav txhim kho zoo nyob hauv ob peb hnub. Ncaj nraim tom qab phais, koj lub zeem muag yuav plooj, tab sis kev pom meej rov zoo nkauj sai - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tau txais kev phais phacoemulsification nrog hloov pauv IOL uas yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov xaws. Tej zaum koj yuav raug hais kom hnav lub qhov muag tiv thaiv los yog ntaub thaiv npog rau ib hnub los yog li ntawd.
- Yog tias koj tau txais ib qho chaw es tsis siv tshuaj loog, neeg feem coob muaj peev xwm rov pib ua haujlwm li qub hauv 24 teev, txawm hais tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ib hnub lossis ob hnub kom pom tau zoo txaus tsav tsheb lossis nyeem phau ntawv.
- Tom qab tawm hauv chav ua haujlwm, koj yuav tau muab ntau hom muag qhov muag kom noj (tshuaj tua kab mob, tiv thaiv kev mob thiab/lossis hom moisturizing). Koj yuav zoo li yuav tsum tau tee rau ib lub lim tiam lossis ob.
- Nws yog qhov ib txwm ua rau tsis xis nyob, khaus thiab qee cov kua dej tawm ntawm koj lub qhov muag ob peb hnub tom qab phais cataract. Yog tias koj cov tsos mob tsis zoo lossis hnyav dua li mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Phau ntawv taug qab nrog koj tus kws kho mob
Txhawm rau zam kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thiab tsis muaj kev phiv dab tsi thiab muaj tiag "muaj sia nyob" kev phais cataract, koj yuav tsum sau phau ntawv taug qab mus ntsib nrog koj tus kws kho qhov muag ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntu zus. Phau ntawv teem sijhawm ob peb hnub tom qab koj txheej txheem thiab rov ua dua lub lim tiam tom ntej thiab hli tom ntej.
- Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas koj lub qhov muag thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias rov zoo li qub thiab tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev kis tus kab mob, mob hnyav dhau los lossis teeb meem pom kev.
- Teeb meem pom kev tom qab phais cataract tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov muag tsis pom ib ntus, ob lub zeem muag thiab nce qhov muag siab.
- Yog tias koj qhov kev rov zoo mus raws li tau npaj tseg, koj lub qhov muag yuav rov zoo li qub nyob rau hauv 8 lub lis piam - txawm hais tias koj lub zeem muag yuav rov zoo li qub hauv ib lub lis piam.
- Nco ntsoov mus koom txhua qhov kev mus ntsib tom qab koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias txhua yam hauv koj lub qhov muag zoo.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv koj lub qhov muag kom raws nraim li koj tus kws kho mob hais tom qab phais tas
Koj yuav zoo li yuav tau muab ob hom tee-ib qho los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob thiab ib qho los tiv thaiv qhov mob o. Ua tib zoo siv cov no ncaj ncees, ua tib zoo ua raws cov lus qhia uas koj tus kws kho mob muab rau koj.
Kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob ntxiv, thiab tsuas yog siv tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau mob hauv koj lub qhov muag
Kauj Ruam 4. Saib xyuas koj lub qhov muag
Hauv thawj ob peb lub lis piam tom qab phais cataract, ua tib zoo saib kom tsis txhob ua rau koj lub qhov muag puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, thaum koj mus txog tsev tom qab phais mob, zam kev khoov thiab nqa cov khoom hnyav li ob peb hnub vim tias nws yuav ua rau lub siab nyob hauv qhov muag thiab nce lub sijhawm kho. Tsis txhob txhuam los yog thawb koj lub qhov muag hauv txhua txoj kev thiab txiav txim siab hnav daim npog tiv thaiv thaum koj tsaug zog ob peb lub lis piam.
- Txhawm rau kom yooj yim tsis xis nyob tam sim tom qab phais, noj tshuaj tom khw xws li acetaminophen es tsis txhob siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (tshuaj aspirin, ibuprofen) vim lawv "ntshav" ntshav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav.
- Tsis txhob tau txais dej (los ntawm pas dej, pas dej, dej ntws), av lossis hmoov av hauv koj lub qhov muag, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntau ntxiv.
- Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob kom saib xyuas suav nrog mob qhov muag, o, tawm ntawm qhov paug, xeev siab thiab ua npaws me ntsis. Yog tias tshuaj tua kab mob tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tiv thaiv cov tsos mob, mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim.
Lub tswv yim
- Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 80 xyoo, ntau dua 50% ntawm cov neeg Amelikas muaj qhov cataract lossis tau raug phais cataract.
- Yog tias koj tau muaj LASIK yav dhau los lossis lwm yam kev kho lub zeem muag laser, koj tseem yog tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum tau phais cataract.
- Tsis txhob hnov qab tshem cov iav qhov muag kom zoo ua ntej kev phais kom tso cai rau koj hloov koj lub lens.
- Yog tias koj tau raug kho rau lub qhov muag tawm yav dhau los, koj tuaj yeem thov kom xa mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb kom paub tseeb tias koj lub qhov muag muaj kev noj qab haus huv txaus rau kev phais cataract.
- Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem thiab/lossis kho mob rau koj lub qhov muag, nws tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob mus rau tus kws kho mob uas yuav ua phais.
