Kev Xiam Oob Qhab/Qhov Tsis Txaus Siab/Tsis Txaus Siab (ADHD) yog lub paj hlwb uas cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub peev xwm los mloog thiab tsom mus. Cov menyuam yaus tseem tab tom txhim kho thiab kawm paub coj tus kheej li cas, thiab thaum lawv cuam tshuam los ntawm ADHD, kev txhim kho no tuaj yeem nyuaj dua. Pab koj tus menyuam kawm cov tswv yim rau kev tswj hwm ADHD kom nws muaj tus cwj pwm zoo coj nws ua tiav hauv lub neej. Pib tsim cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv zoo ib yam los muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev tswj hwm nws lossis nws ADHD.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 8: Paub txog ADHD Cov tsos mob hauv menyuam yaus
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ADHD
Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev kuaj mob kom raug, koj tus menyuam yuav tsum raug ntsuas los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij kev noj qab haus huv kev noj qab haus huv. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 17 xyoo uas muaj tsawg kawg rau tus tsos mob hauv ntau dua ib qho chaw rau lub sijhawm tsawg kawg rau rau lub hlis tsim nyog rau kev kuaj mob. Cov uas muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoos lossis tshaj saud tsim nyog tau txais yog tias lawv pom tsuas yog 5 yam tsos mob tsawg kawg 6 lub hlis. Cov tsos mob yuav tsum tsis tsim nyog rau tus neeg txoj kev loj hlob thiab pom tias cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj hauv zej zog lossis tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tsos mob rau ADHD (kev xav tsis zoo) suav nrog:
- Ua yuam kev yam tsis raug cai, tsis ua tib zoo xav kom ntxaws
- Muaj teeb meem mloog (ua haujlwm, ua si)
- Tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau mloog zoo thaum ib tus neeg tham nrog nws
- Tsis ua raws (kev ua tom tsev, ua haujlwm, ua haujlwm); yooj yim sidetracked
- Lub koom haum muaj kev sib tw
- Tsis txhob ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb (xws li ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv)
- Tsis tuaj yeem taug qab lossis feem ntau poob yuam sij, tsom iav, ntawv, cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam.
- Yog yooj yim cuam tshuam
- Tsis nco qab/poob yam
- Blurts tawm cov lus teb ua ntej cov lus nug tau nug
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob hyperactive/impulsive ntawm ADHD
Qee cov tsos mob yuav tsum yog qib "cuam tshuam" rau lawv suav hauv kev kuaj mob. Taug qab yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj tsawg kawg rau rau tus tsos mob hauv ntau dua ib qho chaw, tsawg kawg rau rau lub hlis:
- Fidgety, squirmy; kais tes lossis ko taw
- Xav nyob tsis tswm, khiav lossis nce toj tsis tsim nyog
- Sib zog ua si ntsiag to/ua tej yam ntsiag to
- "Ntawm kev mus" zoo li "tsav los ntawm lub cav"
- Hais lus ntau dhau
- Tawm tsam kom tos nws tig
- Cuam tshuam lwm tus, ntxig tus kheej rau lwm tus kev sib tham/ua si
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ADHD ua ke
Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj rau tus tsos mob los ntawm ib pawg, nws lossis nws yuav muaj Kev sib tham nthuav qhia ntawm ADHD.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tau txais kev kuaj mob los ntawm kws kho mob hlwb
Raws li koj txiav txim siab koj tus menyuam qib ADHD, nrhiav kev qhia ntawm kws paub txog kev noj qab haus huv lub hlwb los ua tus kuaj mob raug cai.
Tus neeg no tseem yuav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb koj tus menyuam cov tsos mob tuaj yeem piav qhia zoo dua los ntawm lossis cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis puas hlwb
Kauj Ruam 5. Nug koj tus menyuam tus kws tshaj lij kev noj qab haus huv txog lwm yam kev puas tsuaj
Raws li yog tias muaj kev kuaj mob ADHD tsis yooj yim txaus, ib ntawm txhua tsib nrog ADHD tau kuaj pom tias muaj lwm yam teeb meem loj (kev nyuaj siab thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar yog cov koom tes ntau). Ib feem peb ntawm cov menyuam nrog ADHD kuj muaj kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo (kev coj tsis zoo, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tawm tsam). ADHD nyhav ua ke nrog kev kawm tsis taus thiab ntxhov siab, ib yam nkaus.
Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob lossis kws paub txog kev noj qab haus huv txog kev puas hlwb lossis lwm yam mob uas yuav muaj cov tsos mob uas zoo ib yam li ADHD
TSWV YIM TSHUAJ
Lauren Urban, LCSW
Licensed Psychotherapist Lauren Urban is a licensed psychotherapist in Brooklyn, New York, with over 13 years of therapy experience working with children, families, couples, and individuals. She received her Masters in Social Work from Hunter College in 2006, and specializes in working with the LGBTQIA community and with clients in recovery or considering recovery for drug and alcohol use.
Lauren Urban, LCSW
Licensed Psychotherapist
Did You Know?
Symptoms of ADHD, like disorganization and impulsivity, can contribute to anxiety, and vice versa. Feeling hyper-alert and being focused in a million directions at once are symptoms of anxiety, but they will certainly have an impact on your executive functioning, which is affected by ADHD.
Method 2 of 8: Helping Your Child Become Independent
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua siab ncaj rau koj tus menyuam
Tsis txhob zais qhov tseeb tias koj tus menyuam muaj ADHD. Ua siab ncaj rau nws, pab nws kom nkag siab txog qhov tsis meej pem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsis txhob siv ADHD ua tus ntoo khaub lig
Qhia koj tus menyuam tias ADHD tsis yog kev zam txim rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav qee yam. Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim liam ADHD rau ib yam dab tsi los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav hauv tsev kom cais tus kheej hauv tsev. Tab sis ADHD tsis tas yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, tsuav yog tus neeg lees paub tias nws yog tus neeg muaj peev xwm.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob thaiv koj tus menyuam ntau dhau
Koj tus yam ntxwv ua niam txiv yog los tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam, txawm tias nws raug mob, ua phem, txiav txim siab tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj tus menyuam kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws cov kev txiav txim siab. Qhov no yuav pab nws tsim kev ywj pheej thiab kev ntseeg siab.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txhawb cov phooj ywg sib cuam tshuam rau koj tus menyuam
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj uas tib neeg nrog ADHD ntsej muag raws li cov neeg laus yog tias lawv tsis kawm paub kev sib raug zoo raws li menyuam yaus. Txhawb koj tus menyuam kom koom nrog cov phooj ywg sib tham xws li hnub Sunday lub tsev kawm lossis cov haujlwm saib xyuas, pab pawg ncaws pob, pab pawg kawm ntxiv, thiab lwm yam.
- Nrhiav ib lub koom haum uas yuav tso cai rau koj thiab koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua haujlwm pab dawb, xws li chav noj mov hauv zos.
- Ua tswv cuab ob tog thiab txhawb kom tuaj koom ntawm cov tog neeg uas yuav pab koj tus menyuam ua lub neej zoo li qub. Yog tias koj tus menyuam raug caw tuaj koom hnub yug, tham ncaj qha nrog cov niam txiv uas tuaj koom thiab piav qhia tias koj yuav tsum tau koom nrog ua tus thauj tog rau nkoj-thiab qhuab qhia, raws li qhov tsim nyog. Lawv yuav txaus siab rau koj qhov ua siab ncaj thiab koj tus menyuam yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov kev paub dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sim ua lub luag haujlwm los npaj koj tus menyuam rau cov xwm txheej tsis paub
Txo lub peev xwm rau kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev ua lub luag haujlwm nws. Ntxiv rau qhov muab kev paub thiab kev nplij siab rau qhov xwm txheej yuav los tom ntej, kev ua lub luag haujlwm tso cai rau koj pom tias koj tus menyuam yuav ua li cas thiaj li coj nws mus rau hauv cov lus teb uas tsim nyog. Qhov no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev npaj kom tau ntsib cov neeg tshiab, daws teeb meem nrog cov phooj ywg, lossis mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 8: Siv Tus Qauv thiab Tus Qauv Hauv Tsev
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsom ntsoov rau kev tsim kom muaj qhov sib xws, cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv
Tus yuam sij rau txoj kev vam meej nyob hauv kev tsim cov sijhawm thiab cov txheej txheem ua ke nrog cov koom haum thiab cov qauv. Tsis yog qhov no yuav daws qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm tus menyuam nrog ADHD, tab sis nws yuav tsum txo qis kev coj tsis zoo uas tau txhawb los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawd. Tsawg kev nyuab siab, ua tau zoo dua; ntau qhov kev vam meej-thiab txiaj ntsig txiaj ntsig -tau zoo rau kev saib tus kheej, uas teeb tsa tus menyuam kom muaj kev vam meej ntxiv rau yav tom ntej.
Kev sib haum xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem yuav pab koj tus menyuam koom nrog ib puag ncig lub tsev yooj yim dua. Kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus yog qhov ua rau cov menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb yog cov uas muaj ADHD. Txo cov lus sib cav thiab kev tsis txaus siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab tswj hwm lub sijhawm sib xws uas lawv tshwm sim. Khi lawv mus rau qhov khoom plig ib txwm ua tau. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob siv khoom qab zib thaum kawg noj hmo, ua nws tom qab lub rooj raug tshem tawm thiab ntxuav lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav. Cov txaj yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej mus nraum zoov mus ua si
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab cov haujlwm faib ua me me
Cov menyuam yaus nrog ADHD xav tau cov haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hauv nrog hauv nrog hauv tes nrog mob siab mob siab xeev siab xeev, Cov niam txiv yuav tsum tawm tswv yim zoo thaum tus menyuam ua tiav txhua kauj ruam.,
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Thaum koj muab cov lus qhia, muab lawv ib qib zuj zus. Tom qab ntawd kom koj tus menyuam rov ua cov lus qhia tom qab ntawd tau txais kev qhuas ntawm txhua qib. Piv txwv li:
Thauj lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav: Ua ntej tshaj txhua daim phiaj rau hauv qab. ("Ua haujlwm zoo!"). Tam sim no ntsaws tag nrho cov iav rau saum. (“Zoo heev!”). Tom ntej no yog cov khoom siv nyiaj …
Kauj Ruam 3. Pab koj tus menyuam kawm paub tswj lub sijhawm
Tus menyuam nrog ADHD tsis muaj lub tswv yim zoo ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov tib neeg nrog ADHD tawm tsam nrog teeb meem ntawm moos, ob qho tib si nrog ntsuas lub sijhawm nws yuav siv los ua kom tiav ib txoj haujlwm thiab kwv yees tias lub sijhawm dhau los lawm. Muab txoj hauv kev rau koj tus menyuam rov qhia rau koj lossis ua tiav txoj haujlwm raws sijhawm. Piv txwv li:
- Yuav lub chav ua noj kom nyob sab nraud thaum koj xav kom nws tuaj tom qab 15 feeb-lossis ua si CD thiab qhia nws tias nws yuav tsum ua nws txoj haujlwm kom tiav thaum lub sijhawm nws xaus.
- Koj tuaj yeem qhia tus menyuam kom txhuam hniav kom raug raws sijhawm los ntawm kev ua suab nrov ABCs lossis Zaj Nkauj Zoo Siab Hnub Yug.
- Ua si ntaus lub moos los ntawm kev ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm ua ntej ib zaj nkauj tshwj xeeb xaus.
- Cheb hauv av mus rau qhov sib dhos ntawm zaj nkauj.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim kom muaj cov kab ke khaws cia
Cov menyuam yaus nrog ADHD tabtom sim ua kom nkag siab txog lawv ib puag ncig. Cov niam txiv tuaj yeem pab los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub tsev, tshwj xeeb yog menyuam chav pw thiab chaw ua si. Tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem khaws khoom uas cais cov khoom rau hauv pawg thiab txo cov neeg coob coob uas ua rau ntau dhau. Xav txog xim-cim cov cim ntim khoom thiab phab ntsa sib ntsib nrog rau qhib cov txee. Siv daim duab lossis lo lus lo cim kom lawv nco qab tias mus qhov twg.,
- Daim ntawv lo cov tub rau khoom nrog cov duab sib xws. Muaj cais cov tub rau cov khoom ua si sib txawv (menyuam roj hmab hauv lub thoob daj nrog daim duab ntawm Barbie xev rau nws, My Little Pony cov khoom ua si hauv lub thoob ntsuab nrog daim duab nees txuas, thiab lwm yam). Cais cov khaub ncaws kom thom khwm muaj lawv tus tub rau khoom thiab muaj daim duab thom khwm ntawm nws, thiab ntxiv rau.,
- Khaws ib lub thawv lossis lub thoob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev uas koj tuaj yeem ntim koj tus menyuam cov khoom ua si, hnab looj tes, ntawv, Legos, thiab lwm yam uas tsis zoo uas zoo li kis thoob plaws qhov txhia chaw. Nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tus menyuam nrog ADHD kom tso lub thoob ntawd ntau dua li tau hais kom khaws txhua yam ntawm nws los ntawm chav nyob.
- Koj kuj tseem yuav tsim txoj cai tias zaum thib peb uas koj pom Darth Vader hauv chav nyob yam tsis tau saib xyuas, nws raug kaw ib lub lis piam-lossis tias yog lub thoob tau puv, lub hau yuav muab tso rau nws thiab nws yuav ploj mus ib ntus. nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis tshwj xeeb sab hauv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib xyuas tus qauv thaum lub sijhawm so tsev kawm ntawv
Lub caij ntuj no, caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thiab caij ntuj sov tuaj yeem yog lub sijhawm npau suav phem rau cov niam txiv ntawm cov menyuam nrog ADHD raws li cov qauv thiab cov sijhawm ntawm xyoo kawm ntawv dhau los tam sim ntawd xaus. Xav txog kev taug txoj kab hlau siab tsis muaj net rau cuaj lub hlis thiab tom qab ntawd tag li, cov xaim xaim thiab koj tau poob rau hauv av. Ntawd yog lub caij ntuj sov so rau menyuam yaus nrog ADHD: poob yam tsis muaj net nyob hauv qhov chaw. Npaj ua ntej thiab teeb tsa tus qauv kom koj tsev neeg tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem!
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 8: Pab Koj Tus Menyuam Kawm Tau Zoo hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Koom tes nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws qhia ntawv
Ntsib nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws qhia ntawv tham txog ntau yam ncauj lus nrog tus kws qhia ntawv. Cov no suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig, kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, yuav ua li cas koj thiab tus kws qhia ntawv yuav sib txuas lus tsis tu ncua txog cov teeb meem thiab kev ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem tsom iav qhov tus kws qhia ntawv ua hauv chav kawm kom zoo dua qub, thiab ntxiv rau.
Rau qee tus tub ntxhais kawm, yuav ua tiav tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tsim cov sijhawm sib xws, niaj hnub ua, thiab kev sib tham hauv tsev nrog rau kev siv cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li cov phiaj xwm, cov xim sib txuas xim, thiab cov npe txheeb xyuas
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv tus phiaj xwm txhua hnub rau koj tus menyuam
Lub koom haum thiab cov txheej txheem sib xws yuav txuag hnub thaum nws los txog hauv tsev, thiab nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los koom tes nrog cov kws qhia ntawv thaum twg los xij. Tus kws qhia puas muaj daim ntawv teev cov ntawv ua tom tsev txhua hnub lossis lub tsev kawm ntawv puas txhawb kev siv cov phiaj xwm? Yog tsis yog, yuav tus phiaj xwm uas muaj chaw txaus los sau ntawv txhua hnub thiab qhia koj tus menyuam siv nws li cas.
Yog tias tus kws qhia ntawv tsis tuaj yeem lossis tsis mob siab rau pib ua tus npaj txhua hnub, nug tus kws qhia ntawv kom pab nrhiav tus tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj lub luag haujlwm -tus phooj ywg ua haujlwm tom tsev -los tshuaj xyuas tus phiaj xwm ua ntej tso tawm txhua tav su
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab khoom plig rau koj tus menyuam nrog kev qhuas
Txhua hnub tus npaj phiaj los tsev, nco ntsoov ua kom koj tus menyuam qhuas. Tom qab ntawv xyuas kom tus neeg npaj rov qab mus rau hauv lub hnab ev ntawv txhua tag kis ua ntej mus kawm ntawv. Npaj rau tus phooj ywg ua homework kom ceeb toom thaum sawv ntxov kom tig mus rau hauv cov ntawv ua haujlwm ib yam.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim kom muaj cov haujlwm ua tom tsev zoo ib yam
Kev ua homework yuav tsum ua tiav tib lub sijhawm thiab tib qhov chaw txhua hnub. Muaj ntau cov khoom siv ntawm tes, teeb tsa hauv lub thoob yog tias koj muaj chaw seem.
Nco ntsoov ua haujlwm tom tsev tsis pib qhov thib ob uas koj tus menyuam taug kev ntawm lub qhov rooj. Cia nws tshem tawm lub zog ntau dhau nce lub tsheb kauj vab lossis nce ntoo rau 20 feeb, lossis cia nws tham thiab tau txais cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm nws lub kaw lus ua ntej qhia nws ua haujlwm
Kauj Ruam 5. Rov tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv ua tom tsev ua ke
Qhia seb koj yuav npaj txoj haujlwm li cas thiab qhia txoj hauv kev ua ntej rau txoj haujlwm. Chunk cov phiaj xwm loj thiab teeb sijhawm rau tus kheej theem kom ua tiav.,
Muab cov khoom noj txom ncauj rau lub hlwb xws li txiv laum huab xeeb thaum koj tshuaj xyuas cov haujlwm
Kauj Ruam 6. Pab koj tus menyuam taug qab cov khoom hauv tsev kawm ntawv
Ntau tus menyuam nrog ADHD muaj teeb meem taug qab lawv cov khoom thiab tawm tsam kev txiav txim siab lossis nco qab phau ntawv twg uas yuav coj los tsev txhua hmo-cia nyob ib leeg nco ntsoov coj lawv rov mus kawm ntawv hnub tom qab.
Qee tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kom muaj “phau ntawv nyob hauv tsev” ntawm phau ntawv. Qhov no yuav yog qhov kev pom zoo rau suav nrog hauv IEP ib yam
Kauj Ruam 7. Tau txais phiaj xwm kev kawm tshwj xeeb (IEP) rau koj tus menyuam
Koj yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj tus menyuam qhov kev kuaj mob ADHD. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ua tiav qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb uas qhia tias tus menyuam qhov kev xiam oob khab cuam tshuam nrog nws txoj kev kawm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav nug koj kom koom nrog hauv IEP lub rooj sib tham. IEP yog cov ntaub ntawv raug cai tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab niam txiv uas hais txog kev kawm, tus cwj pwm, thiab lub hom phiaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tshwj xeeb, yuav ua li cas thiaj txiav txim siab tau, cov kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb uas yuav siv los ua kom tau lub hom phiaj, thiab ntxiv rau. Nws teev cov kev txiav txim siab hais txog chav kawm tus kheej, feem pua ntawm lub sijhawm hauv chav kawm tseem ceeb, kev nyob, kev qhuab qhia, kev xeem, thiab ntau ntxiv.
- Nco ntsoov tias IEP tshwj xeeb rau koj tus menyuam thiab koj cov lus tau suav nrog hauv daim foos. Tsis txhob kos npe rau qhov IEP ua tiav kom txog thaum koj tau tshuaj xyuas nws thiab ntxiv koj cov tswv yim.
- Lub tsev kawm ntawv raug cai raws li cov lus qhia tau teev tseg hauv IEP. Cov kws qhia ntawv uas ua tsis tau raws li IEP tuaj yeem raug lav.
- Lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem yuav tsum tau caw niam txiv tuaj koom rooj sib tham IEP tsis tu ncua los tshuaj xyuas tus menyuam txoj kev kawm tau zoo thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev npaj. Tom qab ntawd kev kho tuaj yeem ua tau raws li xav tau.
- Thaum tus menyuam muaj IEP thawj zaug, nws yooj yim dua los tsim cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb thaum hloov tsev kawm lossis hloov mus rau ib cheeb tsam tsev kawm ntawv tshiab.
Kauj Ruam 8. Ua raws li koj tus menyuam nyiam tshaj plaws
Hmoov tsis zoo, txawm tias muaj kev koom tes zoo thiab siv zog los ntawm cov neeg laus, ntau tus menyuam tseem yuav tsis ua tiav. Tej zaum lawv yuav xav tau kev pab cuam ntau ntxiv los ntawm lub tsev kawm lossis chav haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cheeb tsam kev kawm. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev qhia nruj los ntawm cov kws qhia tsis tau hloov pauv yog cov teeb meem thiab cov niam txiv yuav tsum nrhiav kev txhawb nqa lossis saib mus rau kev hloov pauv cov kws qhia ntawv, hloov tsev kawm ntawv, lossis tshawb nrhiav kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Xaiv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau koj qhov xwm txheej kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev vam meej tshaj plaws rau koj tus menyuam.
Txoj Kev 5 ntawm 8: Siv Kev Txhawb Nqa Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv cov tswv yim zoo
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib tus neeg los koom tes zoo dua los ntawm kev nug zoo dua los ntawm kev thov lossis hem. Cov uas muaj ADHD tseem muaj kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv rau kev hem lossis xav tau, vim lawv zoo li xav tias lawv "ib txwm" cuam tshuam lossis muaj teeb meem. Txawm hais tias koj yog niam txiv lossis tus yam ntxwv zoo li cas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum ua kom tus lej nkag mus rau qhov zoo: Tus menyuam nrog ADHD yuav tsum xav tias nws tau raug qhuas ntau dua li thuam. Cov tswv yim zoo yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov lus pom tsis zoo los tawm tsam txhua qhov kev xav ntawm kev ua tsis tiav uas tau ntsib hauv ib hnub.
Ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm kom "ntes nws ua neeg zoo" thiab qhuas txhua qhov kev ua tiav uas xav tau, txawm li cas los xij koj yuav hnov thaum xub thawj
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau cov cai hauv tsev raws li cov lus pom zoo
Thaum ua tau, thim txoj cai hauv tsev yog li lawv tau nyeem raws li qhov zoo.
Piv txwv li, tsis txhob ntuas, "Tsis txhob cuam tshuam!" txoj cai tuaj yeem ceeb toom raws li "Tos koj tig," lossis "Cia koj tus muam ua tiav qhov nws tau hais." Nws yuav siv kev coj los ntxeev cov tsis zoo los ntawm "Tsis txhob tham nrog koj lub qhov ncauj puv!" kom "Ua tiav dab tsi hauv koj lub qhov ncauj ua ntej sib qhia." Tab sis ua haujlwm kom nws ua tus cwj pwm
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv kev txhawb siab
Muaj cov lus hais uas siv tau zoo rau cov menyuam nrog ADHD, hais txog tus nees luav txav nrawm dua rau cov zaub ntug hauv paus (khoom plig) dua li lo (kev rau txim). Koj puas muaj teeb meem kom koj tus menyuam mus pw raws sijhawm? Koj tuaj yeem muab tus pas ("Npaj rau lub txaj thaum 8 teev tsaus ntuj lossis lwm yam ….") Lossis koj tuaj yeem pom cov zaub ntug hauv paus: "Yog tias koj npaj tau pw thaum 7:45 teev tsaus ntuj, koj tuaj yeem muaj 15 feeb rau …"
Yuav ib lub thoob me me thiab khaws nws nrog "carrots." Cov no tuaj yeem yog qhov khoom plig me me uas koj tuaj yeem ua thaum koj tus menyuam ua raws li cov lus qhia lossis coj tus yam ntxwv tsim nyog. Tau txais cov ntawv nplaum, lub hnab ntawm 20 tus tub rog yas ntawm lub khw muag nyiaj daus las lossis lub hnab ntawm 12 lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab los ntawm kab tshoob hnub yug. Tsim kom muaj tswv yim thiab ntxiv daim coupon no hauv tsev zoo rau lub popsicle, 10 feeb ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, ua si game ntawm Niam lub xov tooj, kom nyob tau li 15 feeb tom qab, tau txais lub dab da dej es tsis txhob da dej, thiab lwm yam. sib quas ntus tangible khoom plig. Hloov chaw, siv kev hais lus qhuas, puag, thiab tsib-qib siab uas tso cai rau koj mus txuas ntxiv qib siab ntawm cov lus pom zoo uas yuav txhawb koj tus menyuam coj tus yam ntxwv thaum tsim nws tus kheej kev ntseeg
Kauj Ruam 4. Hloov mus rau cov ntsiab lus system kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm
Thaum koj tau ntsib kev vam meej nrog lub thoob zaub ntug hauv paus, txiav koj tus menyuam los ntawm cov khoom plig zoo (khoom ua si, ntawv nplaum) kom qhuas (“Txoj kev mus!” Thiab qib tsib). Tom qab ntawd koj yuav xav txog kev tsim qauv kab ke rau tus cwj pwm zoo. Cov kab ke no ua raws li lub txhab nyiaj uas koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntsiab lus los yuav cov cai. Ua raws li tau txais cov ntsiab lus thiab tsis ua raws li poob cov ntsiab lus. Sau cov ntsiab lus no rau ntawm daim ntawv lossis daim ntawv loj loj uas tus menyuam nkag tau yooj yim.
- Npaj daim ntawv rau ADHD lub hlwb, uas ua rau muaj qhov txawv ntawm kev ua tiav. Qhov no kuj zoo rau kev saib tus kheej. Ua daim ntawv txheeb xyuas nyob ib ncig ntawm tus menyuam lub sijhawm, qhia lub sijhawm rau kev ua tiav cov haujlwm.
- Xaiv cov khoom plig uas tuaj yeem txhawb koj tus menyuam. Cov kab ke no tseem ua haujlwm rau sab nraud cov kev txhawb siab no.
Kauj Ruam 5. Khaws tus cwj pwm zoo
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj uas yog niam txiv kom tswj hwm tus yam ntxwv zoo, xav zoo. Saib xyuas koj tus kheej, tso tseg yam me me, thiab nco qab tias koj hlub koj tus menyuam npaum li cas. Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj heev los tsa tus menyuam nrog ADHD, tab sis muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo yuav mus ntev.
Txoj Kev 6 ntawm 8: qhuab qhia koj tus menyuam
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua raws li kev qhuab qhia
Txhua tus menyuam xav tau kev qhuab qhia thiab lawv yuav tsum kawm paub tias tus cwj pwm tsis zoo los nrog rau qhov raug txim., Txhawm rau kev qhuab qhia kom ua tau zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv tus cwj pwm, nws yuav tsum ua kom zoo ib yam. Koj tus menyuam yuav paub cov cai thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua txhaum txoj cai. Qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim zoo ib yam txhua lub sij hawm txoj cai tau tawg.
- Ib qho ntxiv, qhov yuav raug siv txawm hais tias kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv tsev lossis hauv zej tsoom. Kev sib haum xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov tsis muaj nws tuaj yeem ua rau menyuam yaus tsim kev ntxhov siab lossis ua siab tawv.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua tus neeg saib xyuas nyob hauv nkoj, qhuab qhia tib yam nkaus. Thaum muaj qhov txuas tsis muaj zog ntawm cov neeg laus hauv tus menyuam txoj haujlwm, qhov tsis muaj zog yuav raug siv txhua lub sijhawm. Nws lossis nws yuav "khw rau cov lus teb zoo dua" lossis ua si "sib faib thiab kov yeej" game. Nco ntsoov tias tus neeg zov menyuam, tus xibfwb qhia ntawv hnub Sunday, tus saib xyuas menyuam lossis tus muab kev pabcuam tomqab kawm ntawv, tus thawj saib xyuas menyuam, niam tais yawm txiv, thiab lwm tus neeg laus uas tau them nyiaj rau koj tus menyuam nyob hauv nkoj nrog koj lub siab xav rau qhov tshwm sim uas zoo ib yam, tam sim ntawd, thiab muaj zog.
- Tsis txhob rov qab taug qab qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias koj ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai, thiab tus cwj pwm tsis zoo tshwm sim, ua raws qhov kev cog lus rau txim. Yog tias koj tsis ua raws, koj tus menyuam yuav tsis mloog lwm zaus koj sim ua kom coj tus cwj pwm zoo lossis tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Qhov no vim tias koj twb muaj cov ntawv sau tseg hauv nws lub qhov muag.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tswj kev qhuab qhia tam sim
Qhov tshwm sim rau tus cwj pwm teeb meem muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim. Nws tsis qeeb. Cov neeg nrog ADHD feem ntau tawm tsam nrog lub sijhawm cov ntsiab lus, yog li ncua qhov txiaj ntsig tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus. Nws caw qhov tawg yog tus menyuam tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig tsis nco qab rau qhov ua txhaum yav dhau los uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim ib xyoos dhau los.,
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj qhov txiaj ntsig muaj zog
Yog tias qhov tsim nyog rau kev nrawm tau them tus nqi nplua rau txhua mais hauv ib teev dhau ntawm qhov kev txwv ceev, peb txhua tus nrawm nrawm. Qhov no tsis yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig txaus los hloov peb tus cwj pwm. Peb zoo li saib xyuas peb qhov nrawm kom tsis txhob muaj daim pib $ 200 ntxiv rau cov nqi pov hwm ntau dua. Tib yam siv rau cov menyuam nrog ADHD. Qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los ua tus tiv thaiv.,
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob teb rau tus cwj pwm coj tsis zoo
Koj txoj kev npau taws lossis lub suab nrov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis xa xov uas koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem tswj hwm koj thaum koj npau taws. Kev nyob ntsiag to thiab kev hlub yuav qhia cov lus koj xav tau. Ua ntej yuav nqis tes ua, ua tus ntsuas tus kheej kom paub tseeb tias koj tau teb raws li koj xav teb.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis txhob cia koj tus menyuam nyob ruaj khov ua rau koj nkag mus rau hauv
Koj tus menyuam yuav thov koj kaum zaug kom muaj txoj cai tshwj xeeb thiab koj tsis hais cuaj zaug. Tab sis yog tias koj muab qhov kawg thaum kawg, cov lus xa thiab tau txais yog tias yog kab tsuag yuav them tawm.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsis txhob muab nqi zog rau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo los ntawm kev muab koj tus menyuam mloog rau qhov nws xav tau
Qee tus menyuam xav tau kev saib xyuas tsis zoo txaus los coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yog li lawv yuav tau txais. Hloov chaw, muab nqi zog rau tus cwj pwm zoo nrog kev ua tib zoo mloog tab sis qhov ua rau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo nrog qhov ua kom pom tseeb txwv tsis pub koj mloog zoo li txhais tau tias yog khoom plig!
Kauj Ruam 7. Tham nrog koj tus menyuam kom ruaj khov
Tsis txhob sib cav los yog vacillate. Thaum koj muab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws yam tsis muaj kev zam, vim tias koj yog tus thawj coj. Yog tias koj tso cai rau koj tus menyuam sib cav, nws lossis nws pom tias yog lub sijhawm los yeej. Yog li, koj plam.,
Tsis txhob tham txog thaum koj tus menyuam mob siab rau koj. Xyuas kom koj tus menyuam tab tom ntsib koj. Yog tias koj muab txoj haujlwm, ua cov lus qhia luv luv thiab kom nws rov hais dua rau koj. Tos kom txoj haujlwm tiav ua ntej nws cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam
Kauj Ruam 8. Siv sij hawm kom zoo
Coob leej niam txiv siv cov txheej txheem sijhawm tab sis lawv nquag siv tsis raug. Muaj pes tsawg zaus koj tau pom tus menyuam raug xa mus rau lub sijhawm sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov feeb uas tau tso tawm, lub sijhawm tau txais kev pabcuam. Hloov chaw tsis tas sijhawm ua raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj, siv lub sijhawm no los ua lub sijhawm rau tus menyuam kom nyob tus kheej thiab xav txog qhov xwm txheej. Tom qab ntawd, nws lossis nws yuav tham nrog koj tias qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim li cas, yuav daws nws li cas thiab yuav tiv thaiv nws li cas kom tsis txhob tshwm sim dua yav tom ntej. Koj tseem yuav tham txog qhov yuav tshwm sim yog tias nws yuav tsum rov tshwm sim.
- Xaiv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv koj lub tsev uas koj tus menyuam yuav sawv lossis zaum ntsiag to. Qhov no yuav tsum yog qhov chaw uas nws lossis nws tsis tuaj yeem pom TV lossis lwm yam cuam tshuam.
- Xaiv lub sijhawm kom nyob ntsiag to hauv qhov chaw, ua kom tus kheej xis nyob (feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj li ib feeb ntawm ib tus menyuam hnub nyoog). Raws li cov txheej txheem ua kom yooj yim dua, tus menyuam yuav nyob hauv qhov yooj yim kom txog thaum nws tau ua tiav lub xeev nyob ntsiag to.
- Tom qab ntawv thov kev tso cai los tham nws dua. Qhov tseem ceeb yog tso cai rau menyuam lub sijhawm thiab nyob ntsiag to; muab kev qhuas rau txoj haujlwm ua tiav. Tsis txhob xav txog kev ncua sijhawm raws li kev rau txim; xav tias nws rov pib dua.
Kauj Ruam 9. Xav txog cov teeb meem
Koj yuav tsum dhau los ua tus paub zoo txog yav tom ntej thaum koj muaj menyuam nrog ADHD. Xav txog qhov teeb meem uas koj yuav ntsib thiab npaj kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv lawv.
Pab koj tus menyuam tsim kev tsim-thiab-teebmeem thiab kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev daws teeb meem uas muaj peev xwm ua ke. Ua nws tus cwj pwm kom xav txog thiab tham txog qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog koj tus menyuam ua ntej mus noj hmo, khoom noj khoom haus, ua yeeb yaj kiab, tsev teev ntuj, lossis lwm qhov chaw pej xeem
Txoj Kev 7 ntawm 8: Pab Koj Tus Menyuam Siv Tshuaj
Kauj Ruam 1. Nug koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob txog kev puas siab puas ntsws txog kev txhawb nqa
Muaj ob theem pib ntawm cov tshuaj ADHD: cov tshuaj ua kom muaj zog (xws li methylphenidate thiab amphetamine) thiab cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog (xws li guanfacine thiab atomoxetine). Hyperactivity raug kho tau zoo nrog kev siv tshuaj vim tias lub paj hlwb lub zog tau txhawb nqa yog lub luag haujlwm tswj hwm kev xav tsis zoo thiab txhim kho kom pom tseeb. Stimulants (Ritalin, Concerta, thiab Adderall) pab tswj cov kab mob sib kis (norepinephrine thiab dopamine).
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib xyuas cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhawb nqa
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo ib yam ntawm kev txo qis qab los noj mov thiab teeb meem pw tsaug zog. Teeb meem pw tsaug zog feem ntau tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev txo qis.
Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis kws kho menyuam yaus kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv daim ntawv tshuaj txhawm rau txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog xws li clonidine lossis melatonin
Kauj Ruam 3. Nug txog cov tshuaj uas tsis txhawb nqa
Cov tshuaj tsis txhawb nqa yuav ua haujlwm zoo dua rau qee tus neeg nrog ADHD. Cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab feem ntau siv los kho ADHD. Cov no pab tswj hwm kev xa cov tshuaj neurotransmitters (norepinephrine thiab dopamine).
Qee qhov kev phiv tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua. Piv txwv li, cov hluas noj tshuaj atomoxetine yuav tsum tau saib xyuas zoo rau qhov muaj peev xwm nce kev xav tua tus kheej
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua haujlwm nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob kom pom daim ntawv thiab tshuaj ntau npaum li cas
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim ntawv raug thiab tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov nyuaj vim tias tib neeg sib txawv teb txawv rau cov tshuaj sib txawv. Ua hauj lwm nrog kws kho mob kom nrhiav tau daim ntawv thiab tshuaj ntau npaum cas rau koj tus menyuam.
Piv txwv li, ntau yam tshuaj tuaj yeem siv ua hom ntawv tso tawm ntev, uas tshem tawm qhov xav tau los daws nrog kev noj tshuaj tom tsev kawm ntawv. Qee tus tib neeg tsis kam siv tshuaj tsis tu ncua thiab siv nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov tib neeg xav tau kev hloov pauv sai. Rau cov menyuam yaus laus uas kawm paub them nyiaj rau lawv cov teeb meem ADHD, kev siv tshuaj yuav dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb lossis tshwj tseg rau kev siv sijhawm tshwj xeeb, xws li thaum mus xeem nkag tsev kawm qib siab lossis zaum kawg
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv lub khob ntim tshuaj
Cov menyuam yaus tej zaum yuav xav tau kev ceeb toom ntxiv thiab kev pabcuam txhawm rau noj lawv cov tshuaj tsis tu ncua. Nws tuaj yeem pab siv lub thawv ntim tshuaj txhua lub lim tiam.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob ua ntu zus los tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv yuav tshuaj
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv nyob ntawm qee yam. Qhov ua tau zoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws li kev loj hlob spurts, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, kev noj zaub mov thiab hloov pauv hnyav, thiab raws li kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho.
Txoj Kev 8 ntawm 8: Tswj ADHD nrog Kev Noj Qab Nyob Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab koj tus menyuam noj zaub mov zoo
Cov tib neeg nrog ADHD tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qee hom khoom noj txhawm rau txhawm rau nce qib serotonin thiab dopamine thiab pab nrog kev mloog zoo.
- Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom noj zaub mov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov carbohydrates yooj yim kom txhawb nqa serotonin rau kev xav zoo, pw tsaug zog, thiab qab los noj mov. Hla cov carbohydrates yooj yim (suab thaj, zib ntab, jelly, khoom qab zib, dej qab zib, thiab lwm yam)) uas ua rau muaj kev nce serotonin ib ntus. Hloov chaw, xaiv cov carbohydrates yooj yim xws li cov nplej tag nrho, zaub ntsuab, zaub starchy, thiab taum. Tag nrho cov no ua raws li lub zog "tso sijhawm".
- Ua noj cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau uas suav nrog ntau cov protein ntau hauv ib hnub kom cov qib dopamine siab, uas pab txhim kho kom pom tseeb. Cov protein muaj xws li nqaij, ntses, thiab txiv ntseej, nrog rau ntau yam khoom noj uas muaj ob npaug ua cov carbohydrates: legumes thiab taum.
- Xaiv cov rog omega-3. ADHD cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo txhim kho lub hlwb los ntawm kev zam "cov rog tsis zoo" xws li cov uas pom hauv cov rog hloov pauv thiab kib zaub mov, burgers thiab pizza. Hloov chaw, xaiv cov roj omega-3 los ntawm salmon, walnuts, avocados thiab ntau dua. Cov zaub mov no tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev noj qab haus huv thaum txhim kho kev txawj ua haujlwm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sim nrog tshem qee yam khoom noj
Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias tshem tawm cov nplej thiab mis nyuj, ntxiv rau cov zaub mov tiav, suab thaj, ntxiv thiab xim (tshwj xeeb yog cov zaub mov xim xim), tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau tus cwj pwm hauv cov menyuam nrog ADHD. Txawm hais tias tsis yog txhua tus yuav txaus siab lossis tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntev ntawd, qee qhov kev sim yuav tsim kev txhim kho uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom koj tus menyuam tau so ntau
Txhua tus menyuam raug cuam tshuam thaum nws tsis tau pw txaus. Thaum koj pov ADHD hauv kev sib xyaw, kev tswj hwm cov nyom niaj hnub dhau los ua qhov nyuaj dua. Kev tsis tsaug zog txo tus menyuam lub peev xwm los tsom, kawm thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv, thiab xaiv tus cwj pwm tsim nyog. Pab koj tus menyuam xyaum ua kom pw tsaug zog zoo los ntawm kev tsim lub sijhawm pw thiab lub sijhawm sawv.
- Cov menyuam xav tau txog 10 txog 12 teev ntawm kev pw tsaug zog txhua hmo.
- Cov hluas xav tau txog yim mus rau kaum teev pw tsaug zog txhua hmo.
Kauj Ruam 4. Koom tes nrog koj tus menyuam
Tus menyuam uas muaj ADHD feem ntau muaj lub zog ntau dhau, thiab nws yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev. Kev tawm dag zog pab txhim kho kom pom tseeb thiab mloog zoo. Nws kuj tseem pab tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab thiab ntxhov siab, thiab nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev ntseeg tus kheej.
- Mus nrog caij tsheb kauj vab nrog koj tus menyuam, lossis coj nws mus taug kev.
- Kev ua kis las tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau koj tus menyuam. Cuv koj tus menyuam hauv kev ntaus pob ncaws pob uas nws nyiam ua si. Feem ntau, cov kis las uas muaj kev txav mus los ntau dua yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua, xws li ncaws pob lossis ncaws pob. Cov kis las uas tos ntau dua lossis "sijhawm qis" xws li softball yuav tsis zoo rau cov menyuam uas muaj kev saib xyuas luv.
