Raws li DSM 5, Asperger's tsis yog kev kuaj mob ntxiv lawm txawm hais tias lub sijhawm tseem siv tau yooj yim; nws cov tsos mob hloov pauv hauv qab-txhawb sab ntawm Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj txheeb xyuas ASD hauv menyuam yaus vim tias lawv tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua tau; tus menyuam nrog "Asperger's" feem ntau muaj qib kev txhim kho lus thiab qhov nruab nrab lossis siab IQ. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem lees paub tus menyuam me ntawm cov neeg tsis paub qab hau los ntawm kev saib lawv cov kev sib raug zoo thiab tus cwj pwm. Yog tias koj txheeb xyuas tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev mob hlwb hauv koj tus menyuam, hu rau koj tus kws kho menyuam yaus.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Tus Cwj Pwm Coj Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas tus menyuam me kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog
Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas hlwb. Xws li, ua tib zoo saib seb lawv cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo kom paub txog cov cim ntawm Asperger's/autism.
- Saib seb lawv puas txhais lus tsis raug cues yooj yim xws li tig-noj thaum sib tham, vim qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov cim ntawm kev puas hlwb.
- Yog tias lawv muaj teeb meem koom nrog lossis nyob hauv kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog, nws yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm Asperger's/autism. Piv txwv li, tus menyuam tuaj yeem tawm hauv chav hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev ua si nrog lwm tus menyuam lossis lwm yam tsis cuam tshuam.
- Cov menyuam yaus muaj tus kheej nyiam nyiam ua si ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab tseem tuaj yeem chim siab yog tias lwm tus menyuam mus txog lawv. Lawv tsuas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus thaum lawv xav tham txog kev txaus siab lossis yog tias lawv xav tau qee yam.
- Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ASD suav nrog kev sib tham tsis sib xws xws li zam kev sib txuas tas li, thiab lub cev txawv txav, piav tes piav taw, thiab/lossis ntsej muag.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas kev xav ua si
Hom kev ua si no feem ntau sib txawv hauv tus menyuam nrog Asperger's. Piv txwv li, tus menyuam nrog Asperger yuav tsis nyiam, lossis tawm tsam kom nkag siab txog kev ua si hauv zej zog. Tej zaum lawv yuav nyiam ua si nrog cov ntawv sau, xws li ua yeeb yaj kiab nyiam lossis saib TV, lossis lawv yuav nyiam tsim lub ntiaj teb kev npau suav, tab sis tawm tsam nrog kev ua lub luag haujlwm hauv zej zog.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tus ntxhais npaj nws cov tsiaj txhu rau hauv cov zej zog sib txawv, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua si, nws yuav muaj kev puas hlwb.
- Ib qho ntxiv, lawv yuav zoo li "hauv lawv tus kheej lub ntiaj teb," lossis yuav sim ua kom lawv xaiv qhov kev ua si ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg lossis lwm yam ua hauv ib leeg nkaus xwb.
- Qee tus menyuam nrog Asperger tuaj yeem ua raws tus phooj ywg lossis tus nus muag nrog kev ua lub luag haujlwm, tab sis tsis txhob ua nws tus kheej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib seb lawv nyeem lwm tus li cas
Txawm hais tias menyuam yaus nrog Asperger's/ASD yuav muaj qee qhov kev xav ntawm qib kev xav, lawv yuav muaj teeb meem nyeem ntawv thiab txhais lwm tus neeg txoj kev xav hauv kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog, uas zoo li nrawm.
- Lawv kuj tseem yuav muaj teeb meem nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog xws li xav tau kev ceev ntiag tug.
- Tsis quav ntsej rau lwm tus txoj kev xav tuaj yeem txhais tau tias tsis nkag siab tab sis nws yog qhov dhau ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev tswj hwm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Saib seb lawv xaiv los koom nrog leej twg
Cov uas nrog Asperger's/ASD zoo li muaj teeb meem nyuaj nrog nrog lawv cov phooj ywg. Ib tus menyuam uas niaj hnub nrhiav tus neeg laus los tham nrog lwm tus menyuam tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov tsis xav paub.
Txawm hais tias cov me nyuam me yuav tsis muaj kev xaiv ntau txog leej twg lawv cuam tshuam nrog, sim tsim txoj hauv kev xws li hnub ua si, yog li koj tuaj yeem sim nkag siab txog lawv cov kev xaiv cuam tshuam thiab kev coj ua hauv zej zog
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib rau qhov hais lus tsis meej lossis tsis sib xws
Ib qho cue ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog tias tus menyuam me tham nrog lub suab tsis txaus lossis tiaj tus (yog tias lawv tham txog ntawm no). Hauv qee kis, qhov no yog qhov txawv dua, lossis suab nrov dua. Yuav ua li cas tus menyuam hais lus thiab cov lus sib dhos yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Asperger's/ASD.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj tau txais qhov dav txaus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hais lus kom ntseeg tau tias kev hais lus tsis zoo yog qhov sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv.
- Qee tus menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas hlwb yuav hais lus hauv lub suab nkauj lossis lwm yam suab txawv txawv.
Kauj Ruam 6. Saib rau kev siv lus txawv txawv
Nco ntsoov thaum koj tus menyuam me pib koom cov lus ua ke thiab yog tias kev txhim kho lus tau nce zuj zus ib txwm muaj. Rau feem ntau cov me nyuam me, suav nrog cov uas muaj Asperger's, qhov no yuav nyob ib puag ncig lub hnub nyoog 2. Txawm hais tias kev txhim kho lus tuaj yeem ua tau zoo lossis ua tau zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus autistic, cov ntsiab lus hauv zej zog uas siv cov lus feem ntau tsis zoo; piv txwv li, cov lus yuav rov hais dua tab sis tsis nkag siab.
Tej zaum koj yuav pom tus menyuam nrog Asperger's muaj txuj ci zoo ntawm lus thiab hais lus heev. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem teev npe txhua yam khoom hauv ib chav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hais lus yuav zoo li tsis raug cai lossis sau ua menyuam yaus nrog Asperger's/ASD nyiam siv lus los nthuav qhia qhov tseeb, tsis qhia kev xav lossis kev xav
Kauj Ruam 7. Saib xyuas kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kws qhia ntawv lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm zov menyuam
Cov menyuam yaus autistic feem ntau muaj teeb meem hloov pauv los ntawm niaj hnub ua. Ib qhov chaw ib txwm yuav tawg yog thaum tus menyuam me sib tham nrog cov kws qhia ntawv lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm zov menyuam. Xws li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, thaum sim ua kom paub txog kev puas hlwb nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam me, kom ceev qhov muag seb tus me nyuam me ua tau zoo li cas hauv cov ntsiab lus no.
- Koj tus menyuam me yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntau dua thiab ua kom sai dua li lawv cov phooj ywg, lossis ua kev ntxhov siab yam tsis muaj kev qhia los ntawm tus neeg laus.
- Yog tias koj tsis nyob nrog tus menyuam me thaum nruab hnub, koj tuaj yeem nug tus kws qhia ntawv lossis tus neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas hauv tsev kom ceev qhov muag rau qee tus cwj pwm (xws li npau taws thaum thov kom hloov pauv ntawm kev niaj hnub ua) thiab qhia rov qab rau koj.
Kauj Ruam 8. Tshawb xyuas lo lus nug thiab teb tus cwj pwm
Txheeb xyuas seb tus menyuam me puas tau teb lawv cov lus nug, lossis yog lawv tsuas teb cov lus nug tab sis tsis txuas lus ntxiv. Ib tug menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas hlwb yuav tsuas yog pib nug cov ncauj lus uas lawv nyiam.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Tus Cwj Pwm Coj Tus Cwj Pwm thiab Kev Xav Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib rau qhov nyuaj rau kev hloov pauv
Ib tug menyuam yaus ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus kheej tsis nyiam txais kev hloov pauv zoo thiab nyiam ua cov hnub thiab cov cai zoo. Cov kev cai no zoo li tsis ua haujlwm lossis qee yam tsis txaus ntseeg vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tawg lossis hloov pauv.
Yog tias koj zoo li nyob hauv ib txwm ua thaum sib tham nrog koj tus menyuam me, sim hloov pauv yam thiab ntsuas lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tau txais kev nkag siab tias lawv nyob ntawm qhov tsis hnov lus zoo
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb
Yog tias koj lossis lwm tus muab lawv cais ua "taug kev cov phau ntawv hla tebchaws" ntawm cov ncauj lus uas tau hais tseg, qhov ntawd yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm Asperger's/ASD. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsom mus rau yam tshwj xeeb lossis mob siab rau nws.
Koj tus menyuam qhov kev txaus siab hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm ASD yog tias nws txawv heev lossis tsom mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piv rau lwm tus lawv hnub nyoog
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib xyuas kev coj tus cwj pwm coj rov ua dua, aka "txhawb zog
Cov menyuam yaus nrog Asperger's/ASD feem ntau qhia pom tus cwj pwm coj rov ua haujlwm xws li siv tes tuav tsis tu ncua lossis tuav tus ntiv tes lossis txawm tias tag nrho lub cev txav mus los. Cov cwj pwm no zoo li yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua thiab zoo nkauj dua li tics, uas yog luv dua. Lawv yuav siv tau kom tus kheej soothe, qhia kev xav, tsom zoo dua, lossis tsuas yog muaj kev lom zem.
- Ib tus menyuam yaus uas tsis txawj xav yuav nyuaj siab yog tias koj taug lawv txoj hauv kev (piv txwv li hla mus rau ntawm lawv thaum lawv tabtom taug kev hauv ib puag ncig lub rooj). Sim ua qhov no ib zaug thiab saib koj tus menyuam ua li cas.
- Thaum kev txhawb zog feem ntau tsis muaj kev phom sij thiab tsis tas yuav hloov pauv, qee qhov kev qias neeg (piv txwv li tsoo lub taub hau lossis tsoo daim ntawv ntsa) ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Cov no tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau qhov zoo dua qub.
- Ib tus menyuam nrog Asperger kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia qhov nyuaj ntawm qee qhov kev txawj ua haujlwm xws li ntes thiab ntuav pob, piv txwv. Feem ntau, lawv yuav tshwm ntsej muag los yog txawv txav hauv lawv qhov kev txav mus los.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tshawb nrhiav qhov txawv txav txawv txav
Txiav txim siab yog tias tus me nyuam me muaj qhov txawv txav los kov, pom, hnov tsw, suab lossis saj, vim qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim ntawm kev puas hlwb.
- Txawm hais tias kev nkag siab zoo sib txawv, feem ntau cov menyuam nrog Asperger's yuav ntsib kev mob hnyav rau qhov hnov zoo ib yam.
- Qee tus menyuam yaus uas tsis muaj mob tsis hnov mob, lossis tsis paub yuav sib txuas lus li cas.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Tau Txais Kev Txheeb Xyuas thiab Kho
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub txog tias koj xav tau kws kho mob los txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb
Txawm hais tias koj yuav paub qee qhov cim qhia ntawm ASD hauv koj tus menyuam me, thaum kawg koj xav tau kev paub zoo ntawm kws kho mob lossis lwm tus neeg tsim nyog.
Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xaiv los qhia kev tshuaj xyuas kom paub meej ntxiv txog qhov muaj peev xwm qhia txog koj tus menyuam me txoj kev loj hlob kev paub
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia koj qhov kev txhawj xeeb rau koj tus kws kho mob
Yog tias koj xav tias koj tus menyuam me tab tom qhia pom ASD, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob. Sim kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tes xws li yog koj tus menyuam:
- Tsis teb rau kev sib raug zoo nrog kev luag ntxhi ntawm kev xav zoo siab los ntawm 6 lub hlis ntawm hnub nyoog.
- Tsis txhob ua qhov ntsej muag ntsej muag lossis txav ntsej muag (xws li tawm ntawm koj tus nplaig thiab koj tus menyuam me ua tib yam), lossis suab nrov, thaum muaj 9 hlis.
- Tsis txhob thab plaub lossis ua suab nrov ua ke los ntawm 12 lub hlis.
- Tsis yog ua tes taw xws li taw tes, thaum muaj 14 hlis.
- Tsis tau hais ib lo lus los ntawm hnub nyoog 16 lub hlis lossis ob lo lus los ntawm hnub nyoog 24 hlis.
- Tsis koom nrog kev ua si xav txog hnub nyoog 18 lub hlis.
- Zoo li tau thim rov qab hauv lawv cov txuj ci kev sib raug zoo lossis hais lus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub tias koj yuav raug xa mus rau tus kws tshaj lij
Muaj cov tib neeg uas tuaj yeem tshwj xeeb yog kuaj mob thiab/lossis kho ASD, xws li kws kho mob menyuam yaus, kws kho paj hlwb, lossis kws kho menyuam yaus kev loj hlob.
Nco ntsoov tsis muaj ib qho kev kuaj mob nkaus xwb txhawm rau kuaj mob ASD, yog li sim ua siab ntev raws li koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm txheej txheem kuaj mob
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub txog tias autism nyob mus ib txhis, tab sis koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem tau txais kev txhawb nqa
Tsis muaj "kho" rau tus mob vwm, tab sis kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab koj tus menyuam kom txawj thiab muaj kev xis nyob. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev kho mob no yog txhawm rau ua kom koj tus menyuam muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ib hnub dhau ib hnub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm daws teeb meem thiab tsom mus rau kev kawm tiav. Qee qhov kev kho mob suav nrog:
- Kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab kev sib txuas lus kho mob uas lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txo tus cwj pwm tsis zoo thiab kev sib tham, lossis txhim kho cov haujlwm no los ntawm kev qhia txuj ci tshiab.
- Kev kho mob hauv tsev neeg uas hais txog kev qhia menyuam me tsev neeg txoj hauv kev sib txawv los cuam tshuam nrog tus menyuam me kom txhawb nqa lawv kev sib raug zoo thiab kev xav.
- Kev kho kom nkag siab zoo thiab kev noj zaub mov zoo, txhawm rau txhim kho koj tus menyuam txoj kev ua siab ntev rau kev nkag siab nkag siab thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
- Kev kho mob kev kawm ntawv uas tau teeb tsa tus kheej cov phiaj xwm tau ua tiav los ntawm pab pawg tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev txawj ntse hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog thiab qhia tib neeg nrog ASD.
- Cov tshuaj xws li antidepressants lossis antipsychotics tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj hwm cov tsos mob xws li kev ntxhov siab thiab teeb meem tus cwj pwm hnyav, feem.
Lub tswv yim
- Tsis txhob ntshai ntawm kev kuaj mob. Tib neeg (suav nrog cov kws tshaj lij) tuaj yeem ua zoo li kev puas hlwb yog kev puas tsuaj, lossis tsuas yog cua daj cua dub ntawm kev kho mob yuav ua rau koj tus menyuam muaj sijhawm los ua kev zoo siab. Coj nws yooj yim. Muab sijhawm rau koj tus kheej thiab koj tus menyuam kom qeeb thiab muaj kev lom zem. Koj yuav ua li cas, thiab koj tus menyuam tsis tas yuav txi lawv cov menyuam thaum 40 teev nyob rau ib lub lim tiam ntawm kev kho. Koj tuaj yeem so.
- Tej zaum yuav nyuaj rau cov niam txiv feem ntau pom cov cim ntawm kev xiam oob qhab hauv lawv tus menyuam. Nco tseg cov lus los ntawm cov phooj ywg lossis cov neeg hauv tsev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv tau tawm tswv yim txog kev txawj ntse, kev txhim kho lus thiab tus cwj pwm, nrog rau txhua lub sijhawm txaj muag hauv zej zog uas tuaj yeem taw rau Asperger's.
- Cov ntxhais nrog Asperger feem ntau nthuav tawm me ntsis sib txawv li, keeb kwm, kev tshawb fawb feem ntau tau tsom mus rau cov tub hluas. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los nug yog tias tus neeg koj tab tom ua haujlwm tau ntsib nrog cov ntxhais thaum nrhiav kev kuaj mob rau koj tus menyuam.
