Malaria yog kab mob kis los ntawm yoov tshaj cum uas ua rau kub taub hau, ua daus no, thiab cov tsos mob zoo li ua npaws. Nws yog kab mob parasitic ntev tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias tsis kho. Plasmodium falciparum cab uas ua rau mob npaws ua rau muaj txog 200 lab tus neeg mob thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo. Qhov no suav nrog txog 584,000 tus neeg tuag, feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua tsib xyoos hauv sub-Saharan Africa. Kwv yees li 1500-2000 tus neeg mob malaria tau tshaj tawm hauv Asmeskas txhua xyoo. Yog tias koj tab tom taug kev mus rau lub tebchaws uas muaj tus mob malaria siab, koj tuaj yeem txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo nrog tshuaj noj. Kev ceev faj kom ceev cov yoov tshaj cum tom kom tsawg kuj tseem pab tiv thaiv kab mob npaws.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Noj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj kev pheej hmoo
Yog tias koj tab tom taug kev mus rau lub tebchaws uas muaj tus mob malaria siab, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau ceev faj. Malaria tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau yog tias koj noj tshuaj raug cai ua ntej, thaum lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab kis tau yoov tshaj cum. Cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no muaj kev pheej hmoo siab:
- Teb chaws Africa
- Central thiab South America
- Ib feem ntawm Caribbean Asia, Sab Hnub Tuaj Europe, thiab Sab Qab Teb Pacific
Kauj Ruam 2. Teem caij ntsib kws kho mob
Yog tias koj tab tom mus ntsib ib qho ntawm cov chaw no, teem sijhawm teem sijhawm nrog koj tus kws kho mob rau rau lub asthiv ua ntej koj mus ncig.
- Pib koj txoj kev npaj mus thaum ntxov yog li koj tuaj yeem pib noj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej koj tawm ntawm koj txoj kev mus.
- Ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau koj tus kws kho mob ib txwm muaj, koj tuaj yeem teem sijhawm teem sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob hauv koj thaj chaw.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tau txais daim ntawv yuav tshuaj tshuaj malaria
Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov chaw koj tab tom taug kev. Nws lossis nws tuaj yeem muab daim ntawv sau tshuaj rau tshuaj zoo tshaj tawm tsam malaria hauv thaj chaw ntawd.
- Cov tshuaj no suav nrog Chloroquine phosphate, quinine sulfate, lossis tetracycline. Hom tshuaj sib txawv raws qhov koj yuav mus, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav hais txog txhua qhov chaw koj yuav mus.
- Tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws. Hloov chaw, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj tib hom tshuaj uas siv los kho tus mob npaws. Koj yuav siv nws tag nrho lub sijhawm koj muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob.
- Nco ntsoov tham nrog koj lwm yam tshuaj thiab xwm txheej kev noj qab haus huv. Cov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj uas koj tau muab. Piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tshuaj malaria thaum cev xeeb tub. Lwm tus yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj qee yam kev mob hlwb.
- Koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob hauv tsev kho mob yuav tsum txheeb xyuas seb puas muaj lwm yam kab mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo.
Kauj Ruam 4. Noj tshuaj raws li tau hais tseg
Qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog ua raws li koj daim ntawv yuav tshuaj. Tshuaj malaria tsuas yog siv tau thaum noj raws li qhia.
- Koj yuav tsum pib qee yam tshuaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub lis piam ua ntej koj mus ncig. Lwm tus tuaj yeem pib ua ib lossis ob hnub ua ntej. Qee qhov koj yuav tsum tau noj ib hnub ib zaug, lwm tus ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub.
- Yog tias koj yuav tsum noj tshuaj malaria ib hnub ib zaug, noj nws tib lub sijhawm txhua hnub.
- Khaws tshuaj noj tas li los ntawm koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo. Muaj ntau zaus koj yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj ib lub lis piam lossis ntau dua tom qab tawm hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Yog tias koj tsis ua qhov no, koj tseem yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob npaws.
- Ua raws cov lus qhia txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev phom sij los ntawm kev phiv tshuaj. Piv txwv li, qee yam tshuaj malaria (doxycycline) ua rau koj muaj feem ua rau raug tshav kub. Hauv qhov no, nco ntsoov siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub los tiv thaiv koj cov tawv nqaij.
- Kev tsis kam noj tshuaj antimalarial yog qhov teeb meem nce ntxiv. Hom kab mob tuaj yeem tiv taus yog tias tib neeg siv cov tshuaj malaria ntau dhau, lossis yog tias lawv ua tsis tiav cov tshuaj tag nrho.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Tiv Thaiv Yoov Tshaj Lij
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv koj qhov chaw ua tib zoo
Thaum npaj koj qhov kev mus, sim xaiv qhov chaw nyob uas muaj yoov tshaj cum tsawg. Yog tias ua tau, nyob hauv cov chaw soj ntsuam lossis cov chaw uas muaj cua txias.
- Feem ntau, thaj chaw zoo tshaj plaws nyob hauv yog thaj chaw txias dua ntawm cov dej tsis nyob. Cov dej tsis huv ua haujlwm ua chaw rau yoov.
- Cov dej nyob tsis tswm xws li pas dej lossis cov dej ntws tsis ntws tshwj xeeb yog yoov tshaj cum.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv lub qhov yoov tshaj cum
Cov yoov tshaj cum yog qhov hnyav, nruj nets uas ua kom yoov tawm ntawm koj lub tsev pheeb suab lossis txaj thaum hmo ntuj. Teeb lub vas hla koj qhov chaw pw txhua hmo ua ntej koj mus pw. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv lawv los npog lub qhov rai qhib lossis qhov rooj.
- Txij li thaum koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem pom yoov tshaj cum qhov twg koj yuav mus, yuav ib qho coj nrog koj thaum koj mus ncig.
- Hnav khaub ncaws sab hauv koj lub yoov tshaj cum thaum sawv ntxov.
- Nco ntsoov xyuas nws tas li rau kua muag. Tej zaum koj yuav xav nqa net ntxiv los ua thaub qab.
- Yuav cov yoov tshaj cum uas kho nrog permethrin kom tiv thaiv tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Khaws qhov rooj thiab qhov rais kaw
Yog ua tau, koj yuav tsum khaws lub qhov rooj thiab lub qhov rais kaw thaum koj nyob hauv tsev.
- Cov neeg uas pw sab nraud lossis raug rau sab nraum zoov thaum hmo ntuj muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob npaws ntau dua.
- Tej zaum koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem kaw lub qhov rooj thiab lub qhov rais yog tias koj nyob hauv qhov chaw kub heev, muggy. Txawm hais tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau lossis tsis tau, siv cov yoov tshaj cum hla koj lub txaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Hnav ris ntev thiab lub tes tsho
Koj yuav txo cov yoov tshaj cum tom uas koj tau txais yog tias koj hnav lub ris ntev thiab lub tes tsho thaum koj tawm mus thiab txog thaum nruab hnub.
Nqa cov khaub ncaws hnav zoo uas yuav tso cai rau koj lub cev ua pa thaum tiv thaiv koj los ntawm kev raug tom
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv tshuaj tsuag yoov tshaj cum
Xaiv cov tshuaj yoov tshaj cum uas zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw uas koj tab tom taug kev. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog koj cov kev xaiv thiab kom tau txais kev pom zoo. Yog tias koj muaj menyuam, sab laj nrog lawv tus kws kho mob txog yam twg thiab yam twg zoo siv tau rau menyuam yaus.
- Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw uas muaj tus mob npaws, DEET yog cov tshuaj siv ntau tshaj plaws. DEET yog tshuaj lom neeg hu ua N, N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, lossis tsuas yog diethyltoluamide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, los ntawm 4% txog 100%. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dua 50% tsis muab kev tiv thaiv muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv. Siv cov tshuaj tsuag rau koj cov khaub ncaws thiab chav uas koj nyob nraum kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
- Kev sib xyaw cov tshuaj tsuag nrog cov tshuaj permethrin-kho thiab iav muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
- Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC) muab cov lus qhia rau kev siv DEET. Nyeem lawv kom zoo ua ntej siv cov khoom no. Kev siv tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv.
Kauj Ruam 6. Nyob sab hauv nruab nrab thaum tsaus ntuj thiab kaj ntug yog tias ua tau
Sim npaj cov dej num uas tso cai rau koj nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv thaum tsaus ntuj thiab kaj ntug. Cov yoov tshaj cum uas kis tus mob npaws yog nquag tshaj plaws thaum hmo ntuj.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Kho Malaria
Kauj Ruam 1. Mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias koj pom cov tsos mob
Yog tias koj hnov mob thaum lossis tom qab mus ncig thiab txhawj xeeb tias koj kis tus mob npaws, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais kev kho mob sai li sai tau. Cov tsos mob malaria thaum ntxov feem ntau tsis yog tshwj xeeb, tab sis yuav suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Kub taub hau
- Ua rau tshee tshee
- Kev tawm hws ntau heev
- Mob taub hau
- Ntuav
- Raws plab
Kauj Ruam 2. Tau txais kev kho mob
Cov tshuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob sau ntawv yuav yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw koj kis tus kab mob. Lwm yam, xws li cev xeeb tub, kuj tseem ceeb. Kev kho mob feem ntau txhais tau tias yog tshuaj nruj rau ncua sijhawm ntxiv. Cov tshuaj uas siv los kho tus mob malaria suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Chloroquine phosphate yog thawj kab tshuaj rau malaria tshwj tsis yog muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Qhov teeb meem no tau dhau mus lawm, yog li koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv qhia lwm yam ntxiv.
- Cov kws kho mob sau ntawv quinine sulfate thiab tetracycline hauv thaj chaw uas muaj tshuaj chloroquine phosphate siab. Xwb, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj atovaquone-proguanil thiab mefloquine.
- Qee zaum, kev kis tus kab mob yuav xav tau kev tso tshuaj ntawm txoj hlab ntshav. Yog tias kis tau tus kab mob P. falciparum, koj tuaj yeem siv IV quinidine thiab doxycycline.
- Yog tias mob npaws yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob P. vivax lossis P. ovale, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv noj tshuaj primaquine phosphate ob lub lis piam.
- Ib zaug ntxiv, kev tiv thaiv ntxov yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ua ntej tuaj txog hauv thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob paub tias koj tab tom taug kev mus rau thaj chaw uas tsis muaj tshuaj chloroquine, nws lossis nws yuav sau ntawv rau mefloquine.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txuas ntxiv saib xyuas koj kev noj qab haus huv tom qab mus ncig
Mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob zoo li ua npaws uas tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm malaria. Txawm hais tias nws tau ncua sijhawm txij li koj tau rov qab los, koj tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev pheej hmoo.
Feem ntau ntawm cov mob npaws tau pom tseeb li ntawm ob lub lis piam tom qab kis tus kab mob. Tab sis, qee qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim ntau tom qab. Cov cab uas ua rau malaria tuaj yeem pw hauv lub cev tau ntau lub hlis, hli, txawm tias mus txog ib xyoos
Lub tswv yim
- Ua ntej taug kev mus ntsib kws kho mob txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov tshuaj zoo tshaj los noj rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob npaws. Cov kws kho mob txiav txim txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tus kheej. Lawv kho kho raws li thaj tsam ntawm kev mus ncig. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav suav nrog ntau yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau koj txoj kev kho mob. Cov chaw kho mob mus txawv tebchaws yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab cov lus qhia.
- Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob thaum ntxov yog tias koj paub tias koj tab tom mus ncig. Koj yuav tsum noj qee yam tshuaj ntau lub lis piam ua ntej koj tuaj txog ntawm koj lub hom phiaj.
- Txheeb xyuas yoov tshaj cum nyob hauv koj lub yoov tshaj cum ua ntej mus pw.
