Dyslexia yog teeb meem kev kawm tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev nyuaj nyeem ntawv. Kev cuam tshuam txog li 20% ntawm cov neeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nrog ntau lab yuav tsis muaj kev kuaj pom, dyslexia yuav tsum ua li cas lub hlwb ua haujlwm thiab tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kawm tsis zoo, txawj ntse, lossis pom kev. Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia feem ntau muaj teeb meem zom cov lus nrog rau tso suab ua ke los sau lossis hais cov lus. Muab qhov sib txawv, dyslexics tawm tsam hloov cov lus rau hauv kev xav (hauv kev mloog lossis nyeem ntawv) thiab kev xav ua lus (sau lossis hais lus). Yog li, cov tib neeg uas muaj dyslexia feem ntau tsis nyeem kom raug lossis muaj peev xwm ntau npaum li cas lossis nrawm dua li cov neeg tsis muaj dyslexia. Qhov zoo yog tias txawm hais tias dyslexia yog teeb meem tas mus li, nws tuaj yeem kho thiab daws tau thaum nws tau kuaj pom. Thaum thawj tus tsos mob yog ncua lossis nyuaj rau lub peev xwm nyeem, muaj qhov tseeb ntawm txoj hauv kev los paub txog dyslexia hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv ua ntej, cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv, thiab cov laus.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Paub Dyslexia hauv Cov Menyuam Yaus (Hnub Nyoog 3-6)
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib cov teeb meem hauv kev tham thiab hnov lus
Dyslexia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm teeb meem kev txiav txim siab thiab ua cov lus, yog li cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam uas tsis yog nyeem ntawv nkaus xwb. Ib lossis ob qhov tsos mob tsis tas yuav qhia txog dyslexia, tab sis yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ntau cov tsos mob no, koj yuav xav tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob.
- Kev hais lus qeeb (txawm hais tias qhov no tuaj yeem muaj ntau lwm yam ua rau). Nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog koj tus menyuam txoj kev txhim kho kev hais lus.
- Nyuaj nyuaj hais cov lus, suav nrog kev hloov tsab ntawv - piv txwv li "mawn qis" tsis yog "tshuab txiav nyom."
- Nyuaj nyuaj ua cov lus ua suab zoo li thim rov qab, muaj peev xwm muab cov suab los ua cov lus thaum hais lus.
- Nyuaj nyuaj nrog cov lus sib dhos ua ke.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav kev kawm nyuaj
Vim tias cov menyuam uas muaj dyslexia muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua lub suab (kev siv lub suab) thiab ua kom pom kev-hais lus nrawm, lawv tuaj yeem pom qee qhov nyuaj hauv kev kawm yooj yim, suav nrog:
- Kev qeeb los tsim lawv cov lus. Feem ntau dyslexic pre-school cov menyuam tsuas hais me me ntawm cov lus.
- Rov qab qeeb ntawm lub suab, ntawv, xim, thiab tus lej. Dyslexic cov menyuam kuj tseem tuaj yeem qeeb rau npe txawm tias cov khoom paub rau lawv.
- Nyuaj rau kev lees paub lawv lub npe.
- Nyuaj nyuaj los sis nyeem cov lus sib tham hauv chaw zov menyuam.
- Nyuaj nyuaj rau nco cov ntsiab lus, txawm tias los ntawm cov vis dis aus nyiam.
- Nco ntsoov tias kev sau ntawv yuam kev tsis tas yuav qhia txog dyslexia hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv ua ntej. Coob tus kawm qib pib thiab qib kawm thim rov qab lawv cov ntawv thiab tus lej vim lawv nyuam qhuav kawm sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim ntawm dyslexia hauv cov menyuam loj thiab yog tias kev thim rov qab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab tus lej hauv kev sau ntawv tseem muaj, koj tus menyuam yuav tsum raug kuaj rau dyslexia.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib rau lub cev nyuaj
Vim tias dyslexia suav nrog teeb meem nrog lub koom haum thaj chaw thiab tswj lub cev muaj zog, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus, suav nrog:
- Kev qeeb los tsim cov txuj ci zoo, xws li tuav tus xaum, phau ntawv, siv cov nyees khawm thiab zipper, lossis txhuam hniav.
- Nyuaj nyuaj paub sab laug ntawm sab xis.
- Nyuaj txav mus rau qhov sib dhos nrog suab paj nruag.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob
Yog tias koj txhawj xeeb tias koj tus menyuam yuav muaj dyslexia, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob xub thawj. Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev pab menyuam yaus kawm paub daws teeb meem nrog dyslexia.
Cov kws tshaj lij muaj lub roj teeb ntawm kev ntsuas uas tso cai rau lawv sim thiab kuaj mob dyslexia hauv cov menyuam yaus li 5 xyoos
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Paub Dyslexia hauv Cov Menyuam Hnub Nyoog Kawm Ntawv (Hnub Nyoog 6-18)
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav qhov nyuaj nyeem ntawv
Dyslexia ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau pom thawj zaug thaum lawv poob qab lawv cov phooj ywg hauv kev kawm nyeem lossis nyeem tsis tu ncua hauv lawv qib hnub nyoog. Qhov no yog thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm dyslexia. Teeb meem nyeem ntawv yuav suav nrog:
- Kev ncua sijhawm kawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab suab.
- Kev tsis meej pem ntawm cov lus me me xws li "ntawm" thiab "rau" lossis "ua" thiab "mus".
- Kev nyeem ntawv zoo ib yam, sau ntawv, thiab sau ntawv tsis raug, txawm tias tom qab pom cov ntawv raug. Feem ntau yuam kev suav nrog kev thim rov qab tsab ntawv (piv txwv li, "d" rau "b"); lo lus thim rov qab (piv txwv li, "lus qhia" rau "qhov"); kev hloov pauv (piv txwv li, "m" rau "w" thiab "u" rau "n"); kev hloov pauv (piv txwv li, "hnov" thiab "sab laug"); hloov chaw (piv txwv li, "tsev" thiab "tsev").
- Yuav tsum tau nyeem qhov kev xaiv luv ntau zaus kom nkag siab nws.
- Teeb meem nkag siab lub tswv yim tsim nyog rau hnub nyoog.
- Teeb meem sau ntawv thiab kwv yees dab tsi yuav tshwm sim tom ntej hauv zaj dab neeg lossis ib ntu.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib rau qhov hnov (mloog) thiab teeb meem hais lus
Lub hauv paus ua rau dyslexia yog teeb meem nrog kev ua lub suab, muaj peev xwm pom lossis hnov ib lo lus, rhuav nws mus rau hauv cov suab tsis sib xws, thiab tom qab ntawd koom nrog txhua lub suab nrog cov tsiaj ntawv uas tsim los ua lo lus. Txawm hais tias qhov no ua rau nyeem nyuaj tshwj xeeb, feem ntau nws tseem cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus lub peev xwm los mloog thiab hais lus meej thiab raug. Cov cim qhia muaj xws li:
- Teeb meem nkag siab cov lus qhia nrawm lossis rov ua ntu ntu ntawm cov lus txib.
- Nyuaj nyuaj rau nco dab tsi tau hnov.
- Nyuaj nyuaj xav txog cov lus. Tus menyuam kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais lus hauv kab lus thiab tso kab lus tsis tiav.
- Kev hais lus tsis zoo: cov lus tsis raug lossis cov lus zoo sib xws hloov rau tus menyuam txhais li cas.
- Nyuaj ua thiab nkag siab cov lus sib dhos.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev
Vim tias dyslexia suav nrog teeb meem nrog lub koom haum tsis sib xws, cov menyuam dyslexic kuj tseem tuaj yeem tawm tsam nrog lawv cov kev txawj tsav tsheb. Cov cim tshwm sim ntawm teeb meem nrog kev txawj tsav tsheb suav nrog:
- Teeb meem nrog kev sau lossis luam. Lawv cov ntawv sau kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tsis tau.
- Tsis meej pem ntau zaus ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis, dhau thiab hauv qab.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tshawb nrhiav kev xav lossis tus cwj pwm coj
Cov menyuam yaus nrog dyslexia feem ntau tawm tsam hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lawv pom lawv cov phooj ywg nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv nrog cov txheeb ze yooj yim. Vim li ntawd, cov menyuam no yuav xav tias tsis muaj kev txawj ntse lossis zoo li lawv tau ua tsis tiav. Muaj ntau tus cim ntawm kev xav thiab tus cwj pwm uas yuav qhia tau tias koj tus menyuam raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev kuaj mob thiab kho tus mob dyslexia:
- Tus menyuam qhia tus kheej qis.
- Tus menyuam poob qis lossis nyuaj siab thiab tsis txaus siab rau kev sib raug zoo lossis koom nrog phooj ywg.
- Tus menyuam ntsib kev ntxhov siab. Qee tus kws tshaj lij xav txog kev ntxhov siab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xav ntau tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov menyuam yaus dyslexic.
- Tus me nyuam qhia kev chim siab heev, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev npau taws. Tus menyuam kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom tus cwj pwm nyuaj siab, suav nrog "ua yeeb yam", txhawm rau ua kom pom kev deb ntawm nws txoj kev kawm nyuaj.
- Tus menyuam yuav muaj teeb meem ua kom pom tseeb thiab zoo li "hyper" lossis "daydreamer."
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib xyuas cov txheej txheem zam
Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj dyslexia tuaj yeem txhob txwm ua kom zam qhov xwm txheej uas lawv yuav tsum nyeem, sau lossis hais lus nyob rau pej xeem lub peev xwm ua ntej ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg, kws qhia ntawv, thiab niam txiv. Nco ntsoov tias cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb feem ntau siv txoj kev daws teeb meem lossis zam kev zam. Dab tsi zoo li lub koom haum tsis zoo lossis txawm tias laziness yuav yog txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog dyslexia.
- Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob txhawm rau kom tsis txhob nyeem nrov nrov lossis hais lus rau pej xeem vim ntshai txaj muag.
- Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv ua haujlwm txhawm rau tshem tawm lawv txoj kev tawm tsam ntev li ntev tau.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws qhia ntawv thiab kws kho mob
Yog tias koj xav tias koj tus menyuam yuav muaj dyslexia raws li ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia saum toj no, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas koj tham nrog cov uas tseem tab tom nqis peev rau koj tus menyuam, zoo li nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab nws tus kws saib xyuas mob thawj. Cov tib neeg no tuaj yeem pab coj koj mus rau cov kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws kom koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem raug sim. Kev kuaj mob ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev pab menyuam yaus kawm paub daws teeb meem dyslexia.
- Kev tsis xav tau hauv cov menyuam yaus dyslexic tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov menyuam no tom ntej hauv lub neej. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias ntau dua li ib feem peb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas muaj dyslexia poob tawm hauv tsev kawm theem siab, uas suav txog ntau dua li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov kev tso kawm hauv tsev kawm theem siab.
- Tsis muaj ib qho kev sim twg tuaj yeem kuaj pom dyslexia. Cov roj teeb txheem ntawm kev ntsuas suav nrog txog kaum rau qhov kev ntsuas cais. Lawv tshuaj xyuas txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem nyeem ntawv kom pom qhov twg muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, sib piv qib nyeem ntawv rau kev nyeem ntawv muaj peev xwm raws li kev txawj ntse, thiab ntsuas seb cov tub ntxhais kawm puas yooj yim dua nqus thiab rov ua cov ntaub ntawv (pom tau, pom tau, lossis kinetically).
- Kev xeem feem ntau teeb tsa los ntawm tus menyuam lub tsev kawm ntawv tab sis xav tau kev pab ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe ntawm cov chaw dyslexia thiab cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm lub xeev no.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Paub Dyslexia hauv Cov Laus
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev nyeem thiab sau ntawv
Cov neeg laus uas tau nyob ntev nrog dyslexia feem ntau tawm tsam nrog ntau yam teeb meem tib yam li menyuam yaus. Cov cim ntawm kev nyeem thiab sau ntawv nyuaj ntawm cov neeg laus suav nrog:
- Nyeem ntawv qeeb thiab nrog ntau yam tsis raug.
- Kev sau tsis zoo. Dyslexics kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau tib lo lus ntau txoj hauv kev sau ib tsab ntawv.
- Cov lus tsis txaus.
- Nyuaj rau kev npaj thiab koom haum, suav nrog kev piav qhia thiab nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv.
- Kev txawj nco tsis zoo thiab teeb meem khaws cov ntaub ntawv tom qab nyeem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib cov tswv yim daws teeb meem
Ntau tus neeg laus yuav tau tsim cov tswv yim daws teeb meem txhawm rau txhawm rau them lawv cov dyslexia. Cov tswv yim no suav nrog:
- Zam kev nyeem thiab sau ntawv.
- Ruaj siab rau lwm tus los sau ntawv.
- Kev ncua sijhawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv ua haujlwm.
- Ruaj rau kev nco ntau dua li nyeem ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nco tseg tias muaj qee qhov txuj ci saum toj no
Txawm hais tias dyslexics yuav nyuaj nyeem ntawv, qhov no tsis yog qhov qhia tias tsis muaj kev txawj ntse. Qhov tseeb, dyslexics feem ntau muaj "neeg txawj tshaj lij" zoo heev thiab nkag siab zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nyeem lwm tus. Lawv kuj zoo li muaj kev txawj xav hauv thaj chaw muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv cov haujlwm xav tau cov txuj ci no xws li kev tsim vaj tsev thiab tsim vaj tsev.
Kauj Ruam 4. Mus kuaj
Thaum txheeb xyuas tias yog dyslexic, cov neeg laus tuaj yeem kawm cov tswv yim los ua cov neeg nyeem thiab sau ntawv zoo dua; qhov no, nyeg, tuaj yeem ua rau lawv muaj kev ntseeg tus kheej. Tham nrog tus kws kho mob kom nrhiav tau tus kws tshaj lij (feem ntau yog tus kws paub txog kev puas siab ntsws) txhawm rau ua qhov kev xeem tsim nyog.
