Silica yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom muaj ntau tshaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av thiab cov tawv ntoo; nws yog ib lub tsev thaiv ntawm cov xuab zeb, av, pob zeb, thiab tsim cov khoom xws li pob zeb thiab iav. Crystalline hauv daim ntawv, silica feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem, tab sis dhau los ua kev phom sij loj rau kev noj qab haus huv (tuaj yeem nqus tau) los ntawm kev tsim khoom, tsim khoom, thiab txheej txheem ntxuav. Kev nqus ntau dhau ntawm silica, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dawb silicon dioxide, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob hauv lub ntsws uas tuaj yeem muab cais ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm silicosis. Ua tsaug, los ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem txo cov plua plav silica, koj tuaj yeem txo qis koj qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog silica.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Txwv Kev nqus ntawm Silica Plua Plav
Kauj Ruam 1. Xav txog cov khoom siv silica
Cov teeb meem feem ntau cuam tshuam rau nqus cov pa silica los ntawm chipping, sib tsoo, txiav, tu, lossis lwm yam cuam tshuam cov khoom xws li pob zeb lossis iav uas muaj silica. Abrasive blasting ("sandblasting") kom tshem cov xim, xeb, thiab lwm yam yog tej zaum qhov feem ntau yuav yog, vim tias cov khoom tawg nws tus kheej feem ntau yog silica.
- Thaum ua tau, xav txog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj silica rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau cov khoom siv xuab zeb blasting uas tsis muaj cov xuab zeb (uas yog feem ntau yog silica).
- Feem ntau, txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau tsim cov hmoov av silica, yog li npaj kom ua lwm yam kev ntsuas kom txo qis.
Kauj Ruam 2. Hnav lub tshuab nqus pa uas pom zoo
Silica hmoov av tsuas tuaj yeem ua mob rau koj yog tias koj nqus nws. Kev siv lub tshuab nqus pa uas siv los lim tawm cov hmoov av silica yuav txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo. Kev siv lub tshuab ua pa zoo li no feem ntau xav tau los ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab kev nyab xeeb ib yam nkaus, thaum koom nrog txoj haujlwm uas muaj cov hmoov av silica zoo li.
- Yog tias koj yuav raug rau huab cua silica ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 50 micrograms ib cubic meter, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) pom zoo kom siv lub ntsej muag ib nrab ntsej muag nrog lub ntsuas ntsuas N95 lossis zoo dua (95 qhia tias lub lim tuaj yeem tshem tawm tsawg kawg 95% ntawm qhov nkag mus tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum kuaj).
- Rau qhov ntau dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm silica, koj yuav xav tau lub tshuab ua pa lossis lub tshuab nqus pa.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj xaiv lub tshuab ua pa uas npaj los thaiv cov hmoov av silica, thiab koj hnav nws tas li thiab raug. Lub npog ntsej muag yuav tsum tsim lub foob rau ntawm koj lub qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg.
Kauj Ruam 3. Rho tawm thiab nqus cov hmoov av
Tsawg silica plua plav koj tsim lossis tawm ntab ib puag ncig hauv koj ib puag ncig, qhov tsawg koj yuav nqus tau. Yog li ntawd, kev txo cov plua av kom raug thiab cov txheej txheem tso pa tawm kuj yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj silica.
- Yog tias, piv txwv li, koj txoj haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog kev txiav cov qhob thaiv, kev siv ntub pom (uas ua rau cov plua plav muaj peev xwm silica) thiab lub tshuab nqus plua plav (uas nqus tau thiab cais cov hmoov av ua ntej nws dhau los hauv huab cua) yuav txo qis cov khoom siv silica. kom nqus tau.
- Qhov tseeb, kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev siv cov ntub ntub thiab lub tshuab ua pa tso pa tawm txo cov ntsiab lus silica hauv huab cua ib puag ncig los ntawm 96%.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob nqa hmoov av nrog koj
Thaum koom nrog cov dej num uas tsim cov hmoov av silica, koj yuav tsum hnav cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm pov tseg lossis cov iav uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntxuav. Ib yam nkaus, cov chaw ntxuav thiab da dej yuav tsum muaj nyob ze kom koj tuaj yeem ntxuav cov tshuaj silica ntawm koj lub cev lossis hauv koj cov plaub hau.
Koj kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj lossis nthuav zaub mov rau thaj chaw uas muaj hmoov av nyob. Ntxuav kom huv ua ntej noj mov ntawm qhov chaw
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua raws txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb
Kev noj qab haus huv zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev nyab xeeb hais txog kev raug silica yuav txawv raws qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv "kev sib tsoo" kev lag luam yuav muaj qhov xav tau sib txawv dua li cov kws kos duab iav lossis tombstone lwm yam. Tham nrog cov lus pom zoo thiab cov cai ntawm koj txoj haujlwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb (ntawm tsoomfwv qib hauv Asmeskas, OSHA) rau kev qhia.
- Lub vev xaib tsim kev lag luam no muaj cov vis dis aus muaj txiaj ntsig hais txog kev nyab xeeb silica hauv ntau yam haujlwm thiab haujlwm.
- Tam sim no tau thov OSHA cov cai (raws li xyoo 2016) pom zoo txwv kev kis mus rau tsis pub ntau tshaj 50 micrograms ib cubic meter nyob rau lub sijhawm hloov pauv yim teev.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Paub Qhov Teeb Meem
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas cov crystalline silica
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, silica yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb, thiab cov xuab zeb tam sim no muaj nyob hauv ntau yam txiv neej ua cov masonry thiab cov khoom ua vaj tsev, ntxiv rau iav. Silica tseem yog lub tsev thaiv rau ntau hom pob zeb (xws li granite) thiab muaj ntau nyob hauv ntau qhov av. Qhov tseem ceeb, silica nyob txhua qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig peb.
Crystalline silica tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv peb daim ntawv, nrog quartz raws li nyob deb tshaj plaws ntawm peb. Lwm qhov ob yog cristobalite thiab tridymite. Tag nrho peb qho puav leej muaj kev pheej hmoo ua pa thiab txaus ntshai ib yam yog nqus tau ntau lossis ntau dua
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm paub txog silicosis thiab lwm yam kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv
Raws li koj yuav xav tau los ntawm kev nqus cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov nplej ntev lub sijhawm, silica tso rau hauv lub ntsws thiab tsim caws pliav. Qhov caws pliav no ua rau muaj mob hu ua silicosis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa nyuaj thiab qee zaum txawm tias tuag. Tsis muaj kev kho thiab txwv txoj kev kho rau silicosis.
Silica hmoov av kuj tseem paub tias ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav, thiab cov neeg haus luam yeeb tseem muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub ntsws yog tias lawv tseem muaj cov silica tso rau hauv lawv lub ntsws. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov nqus tau ntev ntawm silica
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav txim siab seb koj puas yuav kis tau
Yog tias koj niaj hnub koom nrog siv silica (xuab zeb) hauv kev txhuam hniav, txawm tias yuav ntxuav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo lossis tshem tawm cov xim pleev xim hauv tsev, koj zoo li yuav raug rau siab ntau ntawm cov hmoov av silica txhua hnub. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias koj txoj haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog kev txiav, sib tsoo, tawg, lossis kos cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj hauv silica - xws li qhob, granite, lossis iav - koj kuj tseem muaj qhov pheej hmoo siab rau raug.
Kev nqus cov plua plav Silica feem ntau yuav tshwm sim tas li nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev los ua kev phom sij, txawm li cas los xij. Mob ntsws ntev ntev (silicosis), feem ntau yog tus kab mob tshwm sim tom qab 15-20 xyoo ntawm kev kis mob hnyav. Kev ua kom nrawm silicosis tshwm sim tom qab 5-10 xyoo ntawm kev kis mob siab. Hauv qee kis, mob silicosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab ob xyoos lossis tsawg dua ntawm kev kis mus rau cov hmoov av silica. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no ntawm silicosis yog qhov txaus ntshai ib yam
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub thiab ua raws cov kev txwv
Cov phom sij ntawm kev nqus cov pa silica tau paub rau ntau caum xyoo, thiab tau siv zog los txo qhov kev tso cai raug txwv hauv Asmeskas txij li xyoo 1970s. Thaum pib xyoo 2016, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau thov txo qhov txwv ntawm kev tso cai rau 50 micrograms ib cubic meter ntawm huab cua rau yim teev, rau txhua hom haujlwm. Cov kev txwv tam sim no sib txawv los ntawm hom haujlwm thiab thaj tsam ntawm 100 txog 250 ntawm tib qhov ntsuas.
Yog tias koj yog tus saib xyuas koj li xwm txheej ua haujlwm, ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias koj nyob hauv qhov txwv tsis pub muaj silica tam sim no thiab ua raws txhua txoj cai kev nyab xeeb. Ua li ntawd tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev ua phem ntawm OSHA cov kws tshuaj xyuas, tab sis tseem ceeb dua los tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab koj tus kheej. Yog tias koj tsis yog tus saib xyuas koj li haujlwm, ua koj feem kom paub tseeb tias cov kev txwv thiab cov cai tau paub thiab ua raws. Tshaj tawm cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm tsis nyab xeeb rau tsoomfwv cov tswj hwm yog tias tsim nyog
Kauj Ruam 5. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog kev tshuaj xyuas Silica
Yog tias koj niaj zaus kis mus rau qhov ntau ntawm silica, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo ua ntu zus ntawm kev sim, suav nrog xoo hluav taws xob hauv siab thiab lub ntsws spirometry, txhawm rau saib xyuas koj cov qib raug. Muab koj tus kws kho mob cov ntaub ntawv kom ntau li ntau tau txog qhov ntau npaum li cas, ntev npaum li cas, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov koj raug. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab koj tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab yog tias cov kev ntsuas no haum rau koj.
