Jaundice, lossis hyperbilirubinemia, yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam mos yug los thawj ob rau plaub hnub ntawm lub neej. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm qib siab bilirubin, cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov qe ntshav, pom hauv cov ntshav thiab hauv cov kua tsib. Lub siab ua tiav tuaj yeem lim thiab tshem tawm bilirubin, tab sis lub siab tsis paub qab hau ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau daj ntseg los tsim. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2018 txawm qhia tias cov menyuam yug tshiab 'qib bilirubin yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis pub dhau 72 teev tom qab yug menyuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau menyuam mos uas muaj tawv nqaij tones tsaus nti uas tuaj yeem qhia pom qhov pom tsawg dua. Thaum tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tseeb los tiv thaiv jaundice kiag li, kev paub txog kev pheej hmoo tuaj yeem pab koj txiav txim siab seb koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi los tiv thaiv thiab npaj rau kev yug menyuam daj ntseg.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Ntsuas thiab Txo Qhov Risk Factors
Kauj Ruam 1. Kuaj ntshav thaum cev xeeb tub
Qee cov ntshav tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau ntau cov qe ntshav tawg, ua rau muaj bilirubin ntau dua.
- Cov niam uas muaj ntshav Rh tsis zoo lossis O+ hom ntshav yuav tsum txiav txim siab kom muaj ntshav ntxiv ua haujlwm rau lawv cov menyuam txij li Rh tsis sib xws thiab ABO tsis sib xws yog qhov muaj feem pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws.
- Kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm caj ces, xws li cov piam thaj-6-phosphate dehydrogenase tsis txaus, kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab jaundice vim tias lawv tuaj yeem rhuav tshem qee cov qe ntshav, tsim ntau bilirubin hauv cov ntshav.
- Ntxiv nrog rau kev kuaj ntshav thaum cev xeeb tub, cov kws kho mob tam sim no kuaj tus menyuam mob daj ntseg ua ntej tus menyuam tawm hauv tsev kho mob.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug menyuam tsis muaj menyuam
Cov menyuam mos yug ua ntej 38 lub limtiam yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo loj hlob jaundice. Lub siab ntawm tus menyuam yug menyuam tsis tau tsim dua li ntawm tus menyuam puv sijhawm, ua rau nws nyuaj dua rau tus menyuam mos lub siab kom tshem tawm bilirubin.
- Qee qhov xwm txheej pheej hmoo ua ntej, xws li hnub nyoog lossis ntau hnub yug, tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, tab sis ntau qhov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig tuaj yeem ua tau.
- Khaws cov ntaub ntawv tshiab txog koj qhov kev saib xyuas yug menyuam. Kev zov menyuam thaum ntxov thiab zoo ib yam yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj thiab koj tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub, uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas txhua yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua rau yug menyuam ntxov.
- Zam cov tshuaj paug. Luam yeeb, dej cawv, tshuaj yeeb, thiab qee yam tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj peev xwm xa khoom ntxov. Yog koj xav tau kev pab txiav tawm, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Cov pa phem ib puag ncig kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo.
- Nyob twj ywm li sai tau. Kev nyuaj siab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev yug menyuam thaum ntxov. Tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv zej zog, ua haujlwm uas xav tau lub cev lossis lub siab xav, thiab kev ua phem hauv tsev, txawm hais tias lub cev lossis lub siab xav, txhua tus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab ua rau yug ntxov ntxov.
- Saib xyuas lossis txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo kis mob. Kev kis mob xws li mob khaub thuas, mob syphilis, CMV, thiab toxoplasmosis tuaj yeem ua rau yug menyuam ntxov thiab ntxiv rau daj ntseg.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub txog tias cov menyuam mos uas pub niam mis feem ntau yuav ua rau daj ntseg
Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau yog kho tau yooj yim thiab ua neej nyob luv.
- Cov mis niam ib txwm tsis tuaj txog li ob peb hnub tom qab tus menyuam yug los. Hauv thawj ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej, cov menyuam pub mis niam noj cov khoom ua ntej mis hu ua colostrum, uas tsis tshua muaj ntau tab sis muaj cov as-ham txaus.
- Vim tias lawv tsis haus dej ntau npaum li cov menyuam pub mis mis hauv thawj ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej, lawv lub plab zom zaub mov tsis qhuav sai, uas ua rau muaj bilirubin tsim nyob hauv lub cev. Qhov no feem ntau tsis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, thiab cov kws tshaj lij tseem pom zoo kom pub niam mis.
- Vim tias cov menyuam mos mis niam feem ntau tau kis mob daj ntseg, nws tsis yog qhov txawv rau cov kws kho mob kom pom zoo ntxiv nrog lawv cov mis thaum ntxov ntawm lub neej yog tias tus menyuam muaj kev pheej hmoo siab jaundice, kom txog thaum tsim kua mis niam.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Kho Jaundice hauv Newborns
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib pub niam mis tam sim ntawd
Kev saib xyuas mob tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim daj ntseg thiab tseem pib kho nws yog tias tus menyuam twb muaj nws lawm.
- Cov niam uas pib pub niam mis nyob rau thawj ob peb teev tom qab yug los muaj feem yuav ua tiav ntau dua li cov uas tos. Kev hnyav hnyav thaum ntxov tuaj yeem pab tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob, ua rau lub siab ua haujlwm yooj yim dua.
- Ntxiv mus, colostrum leej niam tsim tawm ntxov ua rau tus menyuam lub plab zom zaub mov kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, uas pab tshem tawm bilirubin ntau dhau los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Hauv lwm lo lus, ua ntej koj tus menyuam pib mob plab, ntxov ntxov jaundice yuav pib tshem tawm.
- Yog tias koj txiav txim siab pub niam mis rau koj tus menyuam, ua haujlwm nrog kws tshaj lij lactation txhawm rau txhim kho koj cov txheej txheem pub niam mis. Cov kws tshaj lij no tuaj yeem pab niam tshiab kawm paub yuav txhawb nqa kev nqus kom zoo li cas kom cov menyuam yug tshiab tuaj yeem tau txais mis txaus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pub koj tus menyuam nquag
Kev pub mis tsis tu ncua yuav ua rau koj tus menyuam hnyav dua thiab txhim kho, suav nrog kev txhim kho daim siab. Qhov no muaj tseeb rau ob qho tib si pub niam mis thiab pub mis rau menyuam mos. Qhov zoo tshaj, cov menyuam yug tshiab yuav tsum noj yam tsawg kawg yim txog 12 zaug txhua hnub rau thawj ob peb hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev txhim kho jaundice.
Yog tias koj tu neeg mob, noj ntau zaus hauv thawj ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej (tsawg kawg yim txog 12 zaug hauv ib hnub) yuav txhawb koj cov mis kom sai dua thiab tsim kom muaj zog txaus
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia koj tus menyuam kom pom kev
Ultraviolet lub teeb cuam tshuam nrog bilirubin, hloov nws mus rau hauv daim ntawv uas tsis tas yuav hla lub siab thiaj li yuav raug ntiab tawm, yog li tshem tawm bilirubin ntau dhau los ntawm lub cev thiab txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm jaundice.
- Tshaj tawm tus menyuam liab qab lossis daim ntaub mos muag kom tshav ntuj tsis pub ntev tshaj tsib feeb ntawm ib zaug, ib zaug lossis ob zaug hauv ib hnub. Tsis txhob ntau tshaj qhov no, vim tias lub hnub nyob ntev tuaj yeem ua rau menyuam mos liab hlawv tau yooj yim thiab tsim teeb meem ntxiv. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias tus menyuam tsis txias thaum tshav ntuj los ntawm kev nce qhov kub hauv chav thiab/lossis tso tus menyuam hla koj lub hauv siab thaum tshav ntuj.
- Xwb, sim tso tus menyuam lub txaj ze ntawm lub qhov rai tshav ntuj nrog kab hlau rhuav. Kab hlau rhuav thiab lub qhov rais lim tawm ntau yam ntawm UV duab tshav uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem pab, tso cai rau koj tus menyuam kom nyob hauv tshav ntuj yam tsis hlawv.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Nkag Siab Jaundice
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab tias jaundice zoo li cas
Jaundice feem ntau txhim kho nyob rau hnub thib ob lossis thib peb ntawm lub neej thiab feem ntau ua raws cov qauv kwv yees.
- Hauv lub cev noj qab haus huv, bilirubin yog ib txwm ua los ntawm cov khoom uas tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav vim cov ntshav liab tau tawg. Cov bilirubin taug kev mus rau lub siab, qhov uas nws tawm mus rau hauv cov kua tsib thiab thaum kawg hauv koj cov quav. Hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab uas muaj jaundice, lub siab tseem tsis tau pib ua haujlwm tau zoo, yog li bilirubin txhim kho hauv lub siab thiab cov ntshav es tsis txhob mus rau hauv cov kua tsib.
- Cov menyuam mos tshiab hauv tsev kho mob raug kuaj ib txwm rau jaundice. Nws yog ntau heev - kwv yees li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov menyuam mos yuav tsim jaundice, thiab ntau dua ntawm cov uas tau yug los ua ntej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, tus menyuam mos liab yuav raug kuaj rau qib bilirubin los ntawm kev ntsuas tus menyuam lub pob taws thiab nyem tawm cov ntshav me me.
- Tus menyuam mos uas muaj qib bilirubin qis dua 5 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) raug suav tias yog ib txwm, thaum txhua yam ntau dua 5 mg/dL suav tias yog qib siab.
- Feem ntau cov menyuam mos uas muaj qis qis mus rau theem nrab ntawm jaundice yuav tsis xav tau kev kho mob, thiab jaundice yuav pom tseeb tom qab ib lub lis piam lossis ob hlis.
- Qee zaum, yog tias qib siab dhau, nce nrawm dua, lossis tsis poob qis tom qab ob lub lis piam, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau ntawv kho lub teeb (kev kho UV uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab nyiam los ntawm cov menyuam feem ntau).
- Hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, koj tus menyuam yuav xav tau kev tso ntshav kom txo qis jaundice.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub cov tsos mob ntawm jaundice
Feem ntau cov menyuam yug hauv tsev kho mob yuav raug kuaj ib lossis ntau zaug rau lawv qib bilirubin, tab sis qee cov tsos mob tuaj yeem ua rau daj ntseg:
- Xim daj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab dawb ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov no yog qhov ua tshwm sim tshaj plaws ntawm jaundice.
- Kev tsaug zog thiab nyuaj noj. Qee zaum bilirubin qib ua rau tus menyuam mos tsaug zog, uas tuaj yeem ua rau menyuam yaus lossis lub raj mis pub mis rau menyuam nyuaj. Sim hle tus menyuam kom tsa nws noj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub thaum jaundice qhia teeb meem
Jaundice feem ntau tshwm sim thiab feem ntau tshem tawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Tab sis qee qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem thiab xav tau kev kho mob.
- Txawm hais tias jaundice feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab, qib siab ntawm bilirubin tsis tau kho (qhov kev kho mob hu ua "hyperbilirubinemia hnyav") hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem ua rau bilirubin kis mus rau lub hlwb, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.
- Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem ua rau lub paj hlwb puas tas mus li (lub paj hlwb, teeb meem kev kawm, lossis kev xiam oos qhab kev loj hlob), kev txhim kho hniav txha hniav laus tsis zoo, lossis hnov tsis hnov lus.
- Cov tsos mob kom saib xyuas suav nrog qaug zog, xim daj daj, thiab ko taw daj (tshwj xeeb yog hauv caug). Tsis tas li cov nqaij ntshiv tsis zoo, qhov txawv txav, suab nrov nrov, ua npaws, lossis tsis txaus siab yuav tshwm sim.
- Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom zoo ntxiv cov kua mis nrog mis rau menyuam yog tias koj tus menyuam qib bilirubin nce ntxiv tom qab ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej. Feem ntau, nws tsis tas yuav ntxiv tshwj tsis yog tus menyuam qib bilirubin qib 20 mg/dL lossis siab dua lossis yog tias tus menyuam muaj lwm yam kev pheej hmoo ua rau jaundice xws li ntxov ntxov lossis ntshav tsis xwm yeem lossis poob phaus ntau dhau. Ntxiv nrog cov mis tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev pub niam mis. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ua ntej ntxiv.
Yees duab - Los ntawm kev siv qhov kev pabcuam no, qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab qhia rau YouTube
Lub tswv yim
- Vim tias feem ntau cov menyuam mos liab pib daj daj, nws yuav yog lub tswv yim zoo kom tsis txhob hnav khaub ncaws menyuam mos daj. Cov khaub ncaws daj zoo li ua rau lub ntsej muag daj nyob hauv tus menyuam mos daj daj qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij.
- Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj tawv nqaij tsaus, xyuas cov pos hniav thiab lub qhov muag dawb rau qhov daj.
Lus ceeb toom
- Tsis txhob muab dej rau tus menyuam mos. Thaum qhov no yuav zoo li yog txoj hauv kev zoo kom tus menyuam hla cov pov tseg sai dua, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus rau tus menyuam yug tshiab vim tias nws ua rau lub cev tsis sib luag ntawm cov as -ham hauv cov ntshav.
- Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim yog tias koj tus menyuam tsis tsaug zog, daj daj, yog tias nws txhais taw taw daj, lossis yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam tsis noj zaub mov zoo lossis zoo li lub cev qhuav dej.
