Dyslexia yog lub paj hlwb tas mus li, kev xiam oob qhab kev kawm lus (LD) uas cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm kev kawm txuj ci. Thawj qhov nyuaj hauv dyslexia yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm paub txog lub suab. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus nrog dyslexia feem ntau tsis nkag siab tias yog 'tub nkeeg' vim tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm kawm paub siv txoj kev qhia ib txwm muaj. Paub txog cov cim ntawm dyslexia, thiab nkag siab txog lub hauv paus neurobiological rau tus mob yuav pab txhawb rau cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Paub Cov Cim ntawm Dyslexia
Kauj Ruam 1. Pom qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kawm cov lus sib dhos
Hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, thawj qhov cim ntawm dyslexia niam txiv lossis tus saib xyuas yuav ceeb toom yog tias tus menyuam tsis yooj yim tuaj tos cov lus sib tham hauv chaw zov menyuam. Piv txwv li, "Jack thiab Jill/tau nce toj …" yog cov lus sib dhos yooj yim uas cov menyuam feem coob pom yooj yim los cim. Tus menyuam uas muaj dyslexia yuav tsis pom qhov no yooj yim lossis yooj yim.
- Cov lus sib dhos, xws li miv, puav, nas, yuav tsis pom los ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv qib siab nrog dyslexia.
- Koj yuav pom tus menyuam uas muaj dyslexia qhia tsis txaus siab lossis nyuaj nrog kev hais lus sib dhos ua si.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib qhov nyuaj nrog kev lees paub tsab ntawv
Tus menyuam uas muaj dyslexia yuav nyuaj rau pom tias b thiab d yog cov ntawv sib txawv. Ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool lossis qib pib yuav tsis paub cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm nws lub npe.
- Tus menyuam yuav tsis txuas lub suab ntawm tsab ntawv nrog nws cov duab.
- Tej zaum koj yuav pom tias tus menyuam tso siab rau cov duab ntawm cov ntawv ntau dua li cov lus. Piv txwv li, tus menyuam yuav hais tias "menyuam dev" hais txog lo lus dev, tso siab rau daim duab es tsis yog cov tsiaj ntawv d-o-g.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ceeb toom zam kev nyeem ntawv nrov nrov
Txawm hais tias tus menyuam tau kawm nyeem, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem ua tau zoo rau cov hluas xyoo. Thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau tuaj yeem tuaj yeem "suab tawm" lossis "kwv yees" ntawm kev hais tawm ntawm cov lus tsis paub, tus tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj dyslexia tsis zoo li yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov no.
- Kawm cov lus txawv teb chaws yuav nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj dyslexia, thiab tej zaum nws yuav zam kev hais lus nrov hauv cov chav no.
- Tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav nyuaj rau pom lossis hnov qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus.
Kauj Ruam 4. Saib xyuas qhov nyuaj ntawm kev hais lus
Coob leej neeg nrog dyslexia ncua ntau zaus thaum lawv hais lus. Koj yuav pom lawv hais tias, "Um …." lossis zoo li tshee tshee thaum lawv hais lus nrov nrov. Lawv yuav zoo li nyuaj rau nrhiav cov lus tsim nyog, lossis siv ntau lub ntsiab lus, xws li "khoom" lossis "yam" ntau dua li cov npe tsim nyog.
- Lawv cov lus hais feem ntau me dua li lawv mloog cov lus. Lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab ntau yam ntawm qhov tau hais dua li lawv tuaj yeem hais tawm.
- Txawm hais tias qhov nruab nrab lossis siab dua qhov nruab nrab kev txawj ntse, lawv yuav muaj teeb meem koom nrog hauv chav kawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Paub txog cov teeb meem kev teeb tsa
Ib tus neeg nrog dyslexia zoo li yuav muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog. Cov no tuaj yeem qhia lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev nyuaj hauv kev xaj khoom ua ntu zus. Lawv cov ntawv sau feem ntau ua tau txawv txawv thiab nyuaj rau txiav txim siab.
- Lawv yuav zoo li muaj kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm tsis zoo, lossis teeb meem kev teeb tsa nws tus kheej hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm kwv yees lossis sijhawm kawg. Ib tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia yuav muaj lub tswv yim sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntau dua li lwm tus neeg.
- Koj yuav pom tias ib tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia nquag tuaj lig rau kev teem sijhawm, lossis tseem nco lawv tag nrho txawm tias muaj lub siab xav zoo.
Kauj Ruam 6. Paub tias dyslexia txhais tau tias nyuaj nyeem ntawm qib kev cia siab
Qhov no txhais tau tias kev muaj peev xwm nyeem ntawv tsis yog lub cim ntawm kev txawj ntse, lossis tsis muaj kev txawj ntse, hauv tus menyuam uas muaj dyslexia. Cov menyuam feem coob uas muaj dyslexia muaj peev xwm txawj ntse lossis siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab. Tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias tus neeg lub peev xwm nyeem ntawv tsis yog qhov cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm nws txoj kev txawj ntse.
- Tej zaum koj yuav pib pom lwm cov cim ntawm kev txawj ntse feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog dyslexia, xws li kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev txawj xav paub daws teeb meem zoo.
- Feem ntau koj yuav pib pom cov txuj ci muaj zog txhim kho hauv cov cheeb tsam tsis nyeem ntawv, xws li khoos phis tawj, kos duab pom, suab paj nruag lossis kis las.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov txuj ci hauv cov hluas thiab cov laus
Yog tias ib tus neeg muaj qhov tsis paub tseeb dyslexia, yuav muaj feem nws tau tsim tus lej zoo ntawm cov tswv yim daws teeb meem kom txo qis kev nyuaj uas nws tau nyeem. Qee qhov piv txwv yog:
- Ib tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia yuav zoo dua ntawm kev nrhiav cov ntsiab lus hauv cov duab lossis cov lus piv txwv kom nkag siab cov ntsiab lus.
- Ib tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia yuav muaj peev xwm ntau dua li cov tub ntxhais kawm los kawm los ntawm kev mloog cov lus nthuav qhia. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cim qhov tib neeg hais raws li txhais tau tias tsis tas yuav sau nws.
- Ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj dyslexia tuaj yeem ua tib zoo mloog ntau dua li cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg kawm.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Txhim Kho Lub Neej Txhua Hnub
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv qhov muag pom kev los pab tswj lub sijhawm
Ib tus menyuam uas muaj dyslexia yuav nyuaj rau nws nyeem lub sijhawm, lossis siv cov sijhawm teev tseg. Sim siv daim duab teev sijhawm los pab tus menyuam paub tias hnub yuav coj los li cas. Cov no tuaj yeem rub tawm los ntawm tes, rub tawm thiab luam tawm los ntawm cov peev txheej online, lossis pom hauv app ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes.
- Xav txog teeb tsa lub tswb xov tooj kom muab kev ceeb toom ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm.
- Teem sijhawm txwv tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum cia siab tias yuav siv sijhawm ua homework, vim tias tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj dyslexia tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau dua li nws cov phooj ywg ntawm tib cov khoom.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab cov haujlwm faib ua ntu me
Txij li kev ua ntu zus yog qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg feem coob nrog dyslexia, koj tuaj yeem pab txhawb nqa lawv los ntawm kev qhia lawv cov kauj ruam me me uas ua haujlwm loj dua. Siv daim ntawv txheeb xyuas, lossis cov npe duab rau cov tub ntxhais hluas.
- Piv txwv li, muab "daim ntawv txheeb xyuas hauv tsev" uas suav nrog tsis yog cov nplooj ntawv yuav tsum tau nyeem, thiab cov ntawv ua haujlwm kom tiav, tab sis kuj tseem ua cov kauj ruam xws li "tau txais tus cwj mem lossis xaum", "sau koj lub npe nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv," thiab " muab cov ntawv ua tom tsev tso rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thaum ua tiav."
- Yog tias tus tub kawm ntawv lub cim xeeb tsis zoo, kev sau cov ntawv yuav tsis yog txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev kawm. Hloov chaw, muab cov ntawv sau lossis cov ntawv xa los pab tus tub ntxhais kawm kawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab cov ntawv tais ceev tseg los txhawb lub koom haum
Cov ntawv tais lossis cov hlua khi nrog lub hnab los pab tus tub ntxhais kawm npaj nws cov ntaub ntawv. Siv cov cim xim, uas txhawb kev sib cais cov ntaub ntawv mus rau ntau yam kev kawm.
- Khaws cwjmem thiab xaum rau hauv pob ntawv hauv phau ntawv kom nkag tau yooj yim.
- Nws tuaj yeem yog lub tswv yim zoo los tshuaj xyuas thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias tus tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj dyslexia muaj cov ntawv ua tom tsev sau kom raug, thiab muab tso rau hauv tib txoj haujlwm hauv nws phau ntawv txhua hmo.
- Xav txog muab cov ntawv txheeb xyuas hauv tsev los pab nrog koom haum.
Kauj Ruam 4. Pab ib tus neeg nrog dyslexia tsim cov qauv los txhawb kev kawm
Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis zoo, hom kev cim sau cia uas tso cai rau nkag mus tau yooj yim rau cov haujlwm paub, feem ntau nyuaj dua rau ib tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia. Kev nco nco tsis zoo yog ib qho ntawm cov cim ntawm dyslexia. Txoj hauv kev zoo dua ntawm kev kawm yog qhia tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia kom vam khom cov qauv uas tuaj yeem muab lub hauv paus rau kev kawm tau zoo.
- Piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog txoj cai "Kuv ua ntej E tshwj tsis yog tom qab C …" uas tuaj yeem pab tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia nrog kev sau ntawv.
- Lwm qhov kev txhawb nqa suav nrog muab cov lus luv luv rau kev nkag mus rau cov koom haum ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, SLUR yuav raug qhia ua txoj hauv kev kom nco "Cov thom khwm, sab laug (tub rau khoom), ris tsho hauv qab, sab xis (tub rau khoom)."
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv tus nyeem ntawv hluav taws xob (e-reader)
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia tuaj yeem pom nyeem ntawv yooj yim dua thaum siv e-nyeem ntawv ntau dua li luam ntawv. E-nyeem ntawv txwv cov ntawv uas tshwm ntawm ib kab, uas tiv thaiv kev pom neeg coob coob ntawm nplooj ntawv.
- Tshwj xeeb, cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia thiab uas muaj teeb meem nrog kev saib xyuas qhov muag yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv e-nyeem ntawv.
- Qee cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia kuj nyiam siv qee cov fonts nrog e-nyeem ntawv.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Txhawb Ib Tus Neeg Nrog Dyslexia
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav lub zej zog txhawb nqa
Qee qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog dyslexia tsis yog los ntawm kev kawm nyuaj, tab sis yog qhov tsis nkag siab ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov kws qhia. Dyslexia tsuas yog ib txoj kev xav sib txawv, tsis zoo dua lossis tsis zoo dua li lwm txoj hauv kev. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem pom cov zej zog uas lees paub thiab lees paub qhov sib txawv cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia, koj yuav muaj peev xwm pab koj tus menyuam (thiab koj tus kheej) kom ua tiav.
- Tsis muaj kev ntseeg tus kheej, teeb meem tus cwj pwm, ntxhov siab vim, ua phem rau, thiab nyuaj nrog cov phooj ywg txhua tus cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa uas muaj dyslexia.
- Kev txhawb siab rau cov uas muaj dyslexia yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los xav tias tub nkeeg lossis tsis ntse tshaj li lwm tus neeg hauv ib puag ncig kev kawm uas yog los ntawm kev txawj nyeem ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txhawb kev koom nrog hauv kev kho lossis pab txhawb nqa
Pab pawg txhawb nqa rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj teeb meem kev kawm xws li dyslexia tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw zoo rau ntsib lwm tus nrog kev kawm zoo ib yam. Pab pawg kho mob hnyav dua li pab pawg, thiab muab cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb hauv pab pawg teeb tsa uas tuaj yeem pab koj taug koj li xwm txheej hauv lub neej.
- Nrhiav rau pawg teeb tsa uas xav tias nquag, muaj zog thiab zoo.
- Hauv kev kho ib pab pawg, txhua tus neeg yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj. Cov hom phiaj no yuav tsum ua tiav, ntsuas tau, thiab cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib mus rau kev kho tus kheej
Ua haujlwm nrog kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia thiab lawv niam thiab txiv paub zoo dua tias txoj kev dyslexia cuam tshuam rau tus kheej li cas. Tus kws kho mob zoo yuav paub txog qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab thiab kev kho mob rau dyslexia, thiab siv cov txuj ci uas tau pom tias ua tau zoo. Tus neeg mob qhov nws nyiam thiab lub hom phiaj yuav tsum qhia rau txoj haujlwm kho mob.
- Tus kws kho mob yuav pab tsim lub hom phiaj rau tus neeg siv khoom kev nce qib uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab ntsuas tau.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias lub hom phiaj yog "txhim kho lub peev xwm los sau cov lus tshiab," koj tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov no, thiab nws tsis tshwj xeeb. Hloov chaw, lub hom phiaj uas tsim nyog yuav yog "nce tus neeg koom nrog lub peev xwm los sau cov lus siv tus qauv rov los ntawm 60% txog 80% qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis raug."
Kauj Ruam 4. Nkag siab tias nws yog ib tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia li cas
Yog tias koj tsis muaj dyslexia, koj tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa zoo dua rau ib tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia los ntawm kev kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog dyslexia. Nws tsis yooj yim li nyeem cov lus rov qab (lub tswv yim qub uas tib neeg muaj ib zaug). Yog tias koj muaj dyslexia, koj yuav muaj teeb meem nyeem cov lus txawm tias koj tau nyeem ntau zaus ua ntej.
- Koj muaj feem ntau yuav nyeem qeeb, thiab kev nyeem ntawv siv dag zog ntau. Tej zaum koj yuav nkees heev tom qab nyeem ntawv.
- Nws yooj yim rau cov tib neeg uas muaj dyslexia los sib sau cov tsiaj ntawv hauv ib lo lus, xws li nyeem "tus kheej" raws li "yeej" lossis "sab laug" raws li "hnov."
Kauj Ruam 5. Tham nrog koj lub tsev kawm ntawv pab qhia ntawv txog kev pab
Ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj dyslexia yuav xav tau sijhawm ntxiv los ua cov haujlwm lossis xeem ntawv. Nws yuav xav tau lwm tus los sau ntawv rau nws, lossis sau cov lus qhuab qhia lossis hais lus hauv chav kawm. Tej zaum koj yuav tuaj yeem nkag mus rau koj cov ntaub ntawv kawm los ntawm phau ntawv audio, ntau dua li luam tawm phau ntawv.
- Lub khoos phis tawj siv tau muaj rau qee yam uas "nyeem" phau ntawv nrov nrov.
- Kev siv cov tshuaj xyuas kab ntawv tuaj yeem raug tso cai los pab txhawb tus menyuam kawm ntawv dyslexic.
Kauj Ruam 6. Pom qhov ua tau zoo cuam tshuam nrog dyslexia
Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia tsis muaj kev txawj ntse qis, thiab feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia muaj qhov nruab nrab lossis siab dua IQs nruab nrab. Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia tej zaum yuav yog "tib neeg-taw qhia," thiab muaj kev txawj ua neeg zoo. Kuj tseem muaj kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb seb cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia yuav muaj zog dua li lub peev xwm nruab nrab hauv kev tshawb fawb. Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia kuj muaj lwm yam txuj ci nrog kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, xws li:
- Lub peev xwm tsom mus rau "daim duab loj" ntau dua li cov ntsiab lus. Vim li ntawd, lawv yuav yog tus txawj daws teeb meem thiab muaj tswv yim zoo dua cov neeg uas tsis muaj dyslexia.
- Muaj peev xwm pom tau cov ntaub ntawv 3-seem yooj yim, thiab rov txhim kho cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm rau hauv kev muaj tswv yim tshiab ntawm kev ua.
- Muaj cov txuj ci pom tau zoo-thaj chaw zoo, thiab muaj peev xwm ua qauv zoo-paub lub peev xwm.
Kauj Ruam 7. Kawm txog cov neeg muaj kev vam meej uas muaj dyslexia
Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia dhau los ua kws kho mob, kws ntaus nkauj, kws kos duab, kws kos duab, kws tshawb fawb, kws qhia ntawv, kws lag luam, thiab ntau lwm yam haujlwm tshaj lij. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas nrog dyslexia tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev muaj ib tus neeg ua tiav uas tseem muaj dyslexia ua tus qauv. Lub luag haujlwm tus qauv tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg tus kheej rau menyuam yaus thiab hluas nrog dyslexia.
