Coob leej neeg paub txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, tab sis koj puas paub thaum twg koj yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob? Cov mob tetanus hauv Asmeskas thiab lwm qhov hauv ntiaj teb tau tsim muaj tsawg vim tias muaj kev txhaj tshuaj ntau dhau. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb, vim tias tsis muaj tshuaj kho tus kab mob tetanus, tus kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev pom hauv av, av, thiab quav tsiaj. Cov kab mob lom no tsim cov kab mob uas nyuaj rau tua vim lawv tiv taus cua sov thiab ntau yam tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Tetanus cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb thiab ua rau mob nqaij ntshiv, tshwj xeeb yog cov puab tsaig thiab caj dab. Nws tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua pa, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau tuag taus. Vim li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab thaum twg koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Paub Thaum Twg Thiaj Tau Txhaj Tshuaj Tetanus
Kauj Ruam 1. Tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tom qab raug mob
Feem ntau, cov kab mob co toxins nkag rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev tawg hauv daim tawv nqaij los ntawm cov khoom uas muaj kab mob tetanus. Yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm cov raug mob hauv qab no lossis qhov txhab uas ua rau mob khaub thuas, koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Cov no suav nrog:
- Txhua qhov txhab pom tau tias muaj kab mob hauv av, hmoov av, lossis quav quav nees.
- Qhov txhab qhov txhab. Cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau hom mob no suav nrog cov ntoo tawg, ntsia hlau, koob, iav, thiab tib neeg lossis tsiaj tom.
- Cov tawv nqaij kub hnyiab. Qib thib ob (ib nrab-tuab lossis nrog cov hlwv) thiab qib peb (tuab tuab) kub hnyiab yog qhov pheej hmoo kis mob ntau dua li qib thawj (sab nrauv) kub hnyiab.
- Zuaj qhov raug mob uas ua rau cov nqaij puas tsuaj los ntawm kev nyem nws nruab nrab ntawm ob yam khoom hnyav. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov khoom hnyav tau poob rau qee qhov ntawm lub cev.
- Qhov mob cuam tshuam nrog necrotic, lossis tuag, nqaij. Cov ntaub so ntswg no tsis muaj ntshav txaus, ua rau nws muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob (nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg hnyav). Piv txwv, thaj tsam ntawm gangrene (cov nqaij tuag hauv lub cev) muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntau ntxiv.
- Qhov txhab nrog cov khoom txawv teb chaws hauv lawv. Cov qhov txhab uas muaj lub cev txawv teb chaws, xws li lub qhov txhab, iav iav, pob zeb, lossis lwm yam khoom hauv lawv muaj qhov pheej hmoo kis mob ntau dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub yog tias nws yog lub sijhawm kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus
Yog tias koj tsis tau txhaj thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus (thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) lossis koj tsis paub meej tias thaum twg koj txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus kawg, koj yuav tsum mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Yog tias koj tau raug mob, koj yuav xav tsis thoob tias koj yuav tsum txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus li cas. Koj yuav xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog tias:
- Koj lub qhov txhab tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov khoom "huv", tab sis koj txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus kawg tau ntau dua 10 xyoo dhau los.
- Koj lub qhov txhab tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom "qias neeg" thiab koj tus mob tetanus kawg tshaj li 5 xyoos dhau los.
- Koj tsis paub meej tias qhov txhab tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov khoom "huv" lossis "qias neeg" thiab koj txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus zaum kawg tau 5 xyoos dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tau txhaj tshuaj thaum cev xeeb tub
Txhawm rau pab xa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus rau koj tus menyuam, koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thaum koj muaj hnub nyoog 27-36 lub lis piam cev xeeb tub.
- Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj Tdap (Tetanus, Diptheria thiab Pertussis) thaum peb lub hlis thib peb ntawm koj cev xeeb tub.
- Yog tias koj tsis tau txhaj tshuaj Tdap ua ntej thiab tsis muaj nws thaum cev xeeb tub, koj yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim tom qab yug menyuam.
- Yog tias koj tau txais qhov hlais lossis qhov txhab thaum cev xeeb tub, koj yuav xav tau txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kev txhaj tshuaj
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los kho tus mob tetanus yog tiv thaiv nws thawj zaug. Cov neeg feem coob tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis muaj qee qhov tshwm sim me me. Cov no suav nrog qhov o hauv zos, ua rau tawv nqaij, thiab liab ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, tab sis cov no feem ntau pom tseeb hauv 1-2 hnub. Tsis txhob txhawj xeeb txog kev tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus ntxiv. Feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias koj tsis tos 10 xyoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ua ntej txhaj tshuaj. Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Lawv yog:
- DTaP. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, tetanus, thiab tus mob hnoos hawb pob (DTaP) feem ntau yog muab rau menyuam yaus thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2, 4, thiab 6 hlis, thiab ntxiv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 txog 18 hlis. DTap yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev rau menyuam yaus. Cov menyuam yuav xav tau lwm qhov kev txhawb zog ntawm hnub nyoog 4 thiab 6.
- Tdap. Sijhawm dhau los, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus mob tetanus tsawg dua, yog li cov menyuam loj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws muaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thiab txo qis tus mob diphtheria thiab tus mob hnoos qeev. Txhua tus neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog 11 txog 18 xyoos raug qhia kom tau txais kev txhawb zog, tshwj xeeb yog nyob ib puag ncig 11 lossis 12 xyoos.
- Td. Yog tias koj yog neeg laus, txhaj koob tshuaj Td (tetanus thiab diphtheria) txhua 10 xyoo kom tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Vim tias qee tus neeg yuav poob qib kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab 5 xyoos, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau pom zoo yog tias koj tau txais qhov txhab tob tob, kis kab mob thiab tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua 5 xyoos.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Kawm Txog thiab Paub Tetanus
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm paub leej twg thiaj yuav kis tau tus kab mob tetanus thiab nws kis tau li cas
Yuav luag txhua kis mob tetanus tshwm sim hauv cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, lossis cov neeg laus uas tsis nyob twj ywm nrog lawv li 10-xyoo kev txhawb zog. Tus kab mob no tsis kis ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus, uas ua rau nws txawv heev los ntawm lwm yam kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Hloov chaw, nws kis los ntawm cov kab mob uas feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov no ua rau muaj zog neurotoxin uas ua rau cov leeg nqaij thiab txhav.
- Cov teeb meem los ntawm tetanus yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis hauv cov neeg laus uas muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tsis txaus hauv cov tebchaws uas muaj kev lag luam.
- Koj kuj tseem yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob tetanus ntau ntxiv tom qab muaj xwm txheej ntuj, tshwj xeeb yog koj nyob hauv ib lub tebchaws uas tab tom txhim kho.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob tetanus
Thaum koj tau txais qhov raug mob lossis qhov txhab, ntxuav thiab tua kab mob nws. Yog tias koj ncua tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab los ntawm ntau dua 4 teev, koj yuav muaj feem yuav kis tau tus kab mob tetanus. Qhov no tseem ceeb dua yog tias qhov txhab tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom uas ua rau tawv nqaij, uas tuaj yeem yuam cov kab mob thiab cov khib nyiab tob rau hauv lub qhov txhab, ua rau nws ib puag ncig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
Ua tib zoo saib seb yam khoom uas ua rau koj lub qhov txhab puas huv los yog qias neeg los txiav txim siab seb koj puas xav tau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Cov av qias neeg, lossis kab mob sib kis, cov khoom muaj av/av, qaub ncaug, lossis quav/quav ntawm nws, thaum cov khoom huv tsis ua. Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis tuaj yeem paub yog tias ib yam khoom muaj kab mob ntawm nws
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub txog kev tsim cov tsos mob
Lub sij hawm tsim tawm rau tus mob tetanus txawv ntawm 3 txog 21 hnub, nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 8 hnub. Tetanus qhov hnyav tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm I txog IV. Ntev nws yuav siv cov tsos mob tshwm sim, qhov mob me me yuav zoo li. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm tetanus (raws li qhov tsos) suav nrog:
- Spasm ntawm cov leeg puab tsaig (feem ntau hu ua "lockjaw")
- Nyuaj ntawm lub caj dab
- Nyuaj nqos (dysphagia)
- Board-like rigidity ntawm cov leeg hauv plab
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub lwm yam tsos mob ntawm tus mob tetanus
Kev txheeb xyuas tus mob tetanus vam khom rau nws tus kheej nkaus xwb. Tsis muaj kev kuaj ntshav uas tuaj yeem kuaj mob tetanus, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua yam tsos mob. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom kub taub hau, tawm hws, ua kom ntshav nce siab, lossis lub plawv dhia nrawm (tachycardia). Nkag siab qhov ua tau nyuaj, suav nrog:
- Laryngospasm, lossis spasm ntawm cov suab nrov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa nyuaj
- Pob txha puas
- Qaug dab peg/qaug dab peg
- Lub plawv dhia txawv txav
- Kev kis tus kab mob thib ob, xws li mob ntsws, vim yog mus pw hauv tsev kho mob ntev
- Pulmonary embolism, lossis ntshav txhaws hauv lub ntsws
- Kev tuag (10% ntawm cov xwm txheej qhia tias tuag taus)
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Kho Tetanus
Kauj Ruam 1. Tau txais kev kho mob
Yog koj xav lossis xav tias koj muaj tetanus, nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim. Nws yog kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev thiab koj yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob, vim tias tus kab mob tetanus muaj neeg tuag coob, lossis tuag, tus nqi (10%). Hauv tsev kho mob, koj yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, zoo li tetanus tiv thaiv kab mob globulin. Qhov no yuav tshem tawm txhua yam tshuaj lom uas tseem tsis tau khi rau koj cov leeg nqaij. Lub qhov txhab yuav raug ntxuav kom huv thiab koj yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis mob yav tom ntej.
Kev kis tus kab mob tetanus tsis ua rau koj muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kis mob yav tom ntej. Hloov chaw, koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus kom tsis txhob rov kis dua
Kauj Ruam 2. Kom tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab koj qhov kev kho mob
Tsis muaj kev kuaj ntshav uas tuaj yeem kuaj mob tetanus. Yog li, kev sim kuaj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tshuaj xyuas kab mob. Vim li no, cov kws kho mob feem ntau tsis siv sijhawm tos thiab saib mus kom ze, tab sis hloov qhov kev kho mob hnyav yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob.
Cov kws kho mob yuav pib lawv qhov kev kuaj mob feem ntau ntawm cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob tshwm sim uas muaj tam sim no. Cov tsos mob hnyav dua, qhov kev ua kom nrawm dua
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob tetanus
Txij li tsis muaj kev kho rau tus kab mob tetanus, kev kho mob tau qhia rau ntawm cov tsos mob thiab cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Koj yuav tau txais tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub cev, los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, lossis qhov ncauj thiab koj tseem yuav tau txais tshuaj los tswj cov leeg nqaij.
- Qee cov tshuaj txhawm rau tswj cov leeg nqaij suav nrog suav nrog sedatives los ntawm pab pawg benzodiazepine (zoo li diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax), thiab midazolam (Versed).
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, tab sis lawv yuav raug sau tseg kom khaws cov kab mob Clostridium tetani los ntawm kev tsim dua tshiab. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab ua kom qeeb cov tshuaj lom.
