Cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv muab kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev npaj mus kawm qib siab, thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej/kev sib raug zoo rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv qib pib, theem nrab, thiab tsev kawm theem siab K-12. Lawv yog cov tswv yim qhia tus kws qhia ntawv qib siab uas muaj cov haujlwm ua hauv: kev coj ncaj ncees, pab kev sib raug zoo, kev tawm tswv yim tswv yim, pab pawg ua haujlwm, kev sab laj ntau haiv neeg, kev txhim kho tib neeg, kev qhia ua haujlwm thiab kev npaj mus kawm qib siab, kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab tshawb fawb ntxiv nrog tsawg kawg 100-teev kev xyaum thiab 600-teev xyaum haujlwm hauv K-12 lub tsev kawm ntawv teeb tsa thiab lub xeev lossis daim ntawv pov thawj hauv tebchaws/daim ntawv tso cai xyaum. Lawv mob siab rau txhawm rau pab txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm mus txog lawv txoj kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev npaj mus kawm qib siab, thiab tus kheej/kev npau suav los ntawm kev muab kev qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov chav qhia qhia thiab kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev npaj mus kawm qib siab, thiab kev npaj tus kheej/kev sib raug zoo rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ib xyoos ib zaug thiab pab pawg thiab kev sab laj tus kheej rau qee tus tub ntxhais kawm.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Kawm Txog Txoj Haujlwm ntawm Tus Kws Pab Tswv Yim Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub tias txoj haujlwm yog dab tsi
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm yog los pab menyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ua tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm kev txhim kho lawv txoj kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev npaj mus kawm qib siab, thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej/hauv zej zog. Lawv txhawb txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm kom ua raws lawv qhov kev txaus siab thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev kawm, tsev kawm qib siab/kev ua haujlwm, thiab tus kheej/kev xav tau hauv zej zog thiab kev txhim kho txuj ci. Lawv lub luag haujlwm suav nrog:
- Paub, lees paub, thiab txhawb nqa txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog saib xyuas lawv txoj kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm/kev npaj mus kawm qib siab, thiab kev txhim kho tus kheej/kev sib raug zoo los ntawm kev npaj tus kheej, kev qhia tswv yim hauv tsev kawm cov ntsiab lus qhia, thiab los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim. Lawv ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov qhab nia, xyuas kom nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog tshaj plaws, ua haujlwm kom txo qis kev coj tus cwj pwm, nce kev tuaj koom, txo qis, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog rau kev kawm tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm thiab npaj mus kawm qib siab.
- Ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm cov chav kawm nyuaj thiab tau txais cov qhab nia uas lawv xav tau kom kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
- Tham nrog txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm txog kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txoj haujlwm kev ua haujlwm, cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb rau kev npaj mus kawm qib siab (NOSCA's 8 Tsev Kawm Qib Siab thiab Kev Pab Tswv Yim Ua Haujlwm: Kev cia siab, phiaj xwm kev kawm, Kev koom nrog kev kawm ntxiv/txhawb ntxiv, Tsev Kawm Qib Siab/Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb/Kev Xaiv, Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Kev Npaj Muaj Peev Xwm, Kev Tshuaj Xyuas, thiab Hloov los ntawm HS mus rau Tsev Kawm Qib Siab/Ua Haujlwm). Koj tuaj yeem rub cov peev txheej no thiab lwm yam pub dawb ntawm NOSCA lub vev xaib online:
- Ua kom txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau txais cov chav kawm ua ntej uas lawv xav tau mus kawm qee yam ntawm kev kawm qib siab tom qab kawm tiav suav nrog 2 thiab 4 xyoo cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov tsev kawm ua haujlwm/thev naus laus zis.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv thiab ntsuas lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab tswv yim nrog plaub yam tseem ceeb:
- Lub hauv paus (lub hom phiaj, lub zeem muag, lub hom phiaj, kev coj ncaj ncees), Kev xa tawm (tsev kawm ntawv kev qhuab ntuas cov ntsiab lus qhia txog kev kawm, phiaj xwm, pab pawg thiab pab tswv yim tus kheej), Kev Tswj Xyuas (kev pom zoo los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, siv cov ntaub ntawv, pab pawg ua haujlwm me me thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm, tsev kawm ntawv cov kev qhia tawm tswv yim cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm, kaw qhov ua tiav/lub sijhawm sib txawv cov phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm), Tsev Kawm Ntawv Cov Kws Pab Tswv Yim Pabcuam Tswv Yim) Kev lav phib xaub (Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Haujlwm, Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv) (ASCA Qauv; Hatch & Bowers, 2002; ASCA, 2012)
- Muab cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab lwm yam cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab xaus rau kev thab plaub, kev thab plaub, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev ua phem uas cuam tshuam rau kev kawm tau zoo rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm.
- Kev tawm tswv yim, Kev coj noj coj ua, Kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev sib tham & kev sib koom tes, Pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab sib koom tes, kev ncaj ncees tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev hloov pauv nrog txhua tus neeg koom nrog
- Muab kev qhia ua haujlwm thiab tsev kawm qib siab, sib tham txog ntau haiv neeg, thiab kev qhia paub txog kev noj qab haus huv.
- Pab menyuam lossis tub ntxhais hluas ua haujlwm rau nws txoj kev npau suav tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kawg, thiab ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm nyob nrog lawv cov kws pab tswv yim tom tsev kawm ntawv tom qab kawm tiav.
- Cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau caij ntuj so thiab hnub so vim lawv ua haujlwm ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog seb koj puas muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv
Cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm yog mob siab rau los pab txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm kom mus txog lawv txoj kev kawm, haujlwm, npaj mus kawm qib siab, thiab tus kheej/lub hom phiaj kev sib raug zoo. Lawv siv lawv cov hnub nyob rau hauv chav kawm xa cov lus qhia, hauv kev tawm tswv yim thiab npaj phiaj xwm nrog txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm, thiab pab pawg thiab tus kheej kev sab laj nrog qee tus tub ntxhais kawm, thiab pab pawg thiab koom tes nrog txhua tus neeg koom nrog laus siv cov ntaub ntawv los xyuas kom lawv tuaj yeem ua qauv qhia tau tias txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau txhim kho raws li ntawm lawv cov kev cuam tshuam.
Cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm yuav tsum yog: ua siab ntev, tso siab tau, coj ncaj ncees, tuaj yeem khaws qhov tsis pub lwm tus paub thiab paub thiab qhia qhov kev zam rau nws (txaus ntshai rau tus kheej lossis lwm tus, daim ntawv foob hauv tsev hais plaub, thiab lwm yam), nyiam nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv pov thawj-raws li kev coj ua, thiab tsom mus rau ntawm kev ncaj ncees kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev npaj mus kawm qib siab, thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej/kev sib raug zoo
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Tau Txais Tus Kws Pab Tswv Yim Kawm Ntawv/Tsev Kawm Ntawv Ntawv Pov Thawj
Kauj Ruam 1. Yuav tsum kawm tiav qib Master hauv kev sab laj kev qhia ntawv/tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj 48-60 khab nias
CACREP yog Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm paub txog kev lees paub thiab koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj kev lees paub cov kev pab cuam ntawm (www.cacrep.org).
Kauj Ruam 2. Tau ntawv pov thawj
Txhua lub xeev Asmeskas xav tau cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv kom tau txais ntawv pov thawj hauv xeev. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj thoob tebchaws los ntawm NBCC lossis NBPTS. Hu rau koj lub chaw haujlwm saib xyuas kev kawm hauv xeev kom paub seb daim ntawv pov thawj twg koj xav tau ua haujlwm hauv koj lub xeev. American School Counselor Association (ASCA) kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog txhua lub xeev lub tsev kawm ntawv tus kws pab tswv yim xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tswj lub tsev kawm ntawv tshaj lij thiab tsev kawm qib siab cov koom haum pab tswv yim koom tes hauv lub tebchaws thiab hauv xeev:
ASCA thiab NACAC thiab lawv lub xeev cov ceg rau kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv, kev ua pov thawj-raws, kev sib tham txhua xyoo, thiab kev siv xov tooj hluav taws xob thiab sau ntawv tsis tu ncua thiab muaj kev txhim kho txuj ci. American School Counselor Association (ASCA) muaj nyob online ntawm www.schoolcounselor.org thiab National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC) muaj nyob online ntawm www.nacacnet.org.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txuas nrog cov peev txheej txhim kho txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm hauv thaj chaw los ntawm National Office For School Counselor Advocacy (Sau npe rau lawv tus kheej Muaj Cov Khoom Siv Turf dawb) [1]; National Center for School Counseling Outcome Research & Evaluation (CSCORE) [www.cscore.org]; thiab Center for Excellence in School Counseling and Leadership (CESCAL) suav nrog lawv cov teeb tsa tsim teeb tsa dawb rau kev txhim kho kev qhia tswv yim hauv tsev kawm
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Nrhiav Txoj Haujlwm Ua Tus Kws Pabcuam Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Network, network network
Nws feem ntau tsis zoo npaum li cas koj tau txais txoj haujlwm hauv ntau kis-nws yog tus koj paub thiab nyob hauv qhov chaw raug yog lub sijhawm. Tiv tauj koj cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg uas koj tau ua haujlwm ntawm koj qhov kev xyaum ua haujlwm thiab xyaum ua haujlwm kom nug txog kev ua haujlwm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau npe rau kev sib txuas lus tsis tu ncua nrog chaw ua haujlwm hauv koj lub tsev kawm qib siab txog thaum cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog tab tom muab kev ntiav ua haujlwm lossis ua haujlwm
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb txawv teb chaws
Qee lub tsev kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb muab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv nrog daim ntawv kawm tiav raws li Asmeskas cov ntawv kawm thiab ASCA Lub Tebchaws Tus Qauv/cov qauv, thiab cov tsev kawm no ntiav cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv los tawm tswv yim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tshawb nrhiav txoj haujlwm qhia ntawv thiab Craigslist
Cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau muaj npe nrog lwm txoj haujlwm ntsig txog kev kawm ntawm cov chaw tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Kev sib tw rau cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij hauv cov cheeb tsam loj, yog li tshawb xyuas kom zoo thiab paub tseeb tias koj tso koj txhais taw zoo tshaj plaws tom qab txhua qhov kev xam phaj lossis txiav txim siab txav mus rau thaj chaw deb nroog uas txoj haujlwm sib tw tsis muaj zog.
Kauj Ruam 5. Kawm paub ntau tus thawj coj hauv tsev raws li lawv muaj peb txoj haujlwm hauv lawv txhais tes ntawm kev ntiav neeg ua haujlwm
Lub tswv yim
- Cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrhiav haujlwm hauv kev pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm qib siab, kev qhia tswv yim txog tub ntxhais kawm, thiab kev tawm tswv yim txog kev ua haujlwm ib yam. Cov kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas tsim nyog tau ntawv tso cai kho mob hlwb ua haujlwm nrog cov muab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog thiab cov chaw haujlwm.
- Nco ntsoov tias tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau ntiav cov kws qhia ntawv pib thaum lub Yim Hli lossis Cuaj Hli. Txawm hais tias qee lub sijhawm yuav tshwm sim thoob plaws lub xyoo kawm ntawv, txoj hauv kev los ua txoj haujlwm raws li tus kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv poob qis tom qab pib chav kawm.
