Ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam khoom siv tshuaj tsim kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Vim li no, tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam tau npaj rau kev nyab xeeb thiab tsim nyog pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj yuav ib txwm muaj qee yam cuam tshuam, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntau li ntau tau yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Txoj Cai Khib Nyuj Kom Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem daim ntawv lo khoom
Qee cov khoom siv tshuaj tuaj nrog cov lus qhia pov tseg kom raug ntawm daim ntawv lo thiab ua raws cov lus qhia ntawd yuav tsum txaus. Txawm hais tias rau cov khoom lag luam yam tsis muaj lus qhia pov tseg, koj tseem yuav tsum nyeem cov ntawv kom koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov lus ceeb toom thiab kev ceeb toom txog cov khoom lag luam.
- Cov khoom xws li roj teeb thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb uas rov ua dua tshiab.
- Tsis txhob muab cov khoom tu ua ke. Yog tias koj tsuas muaj cov khoom tu me me nyob hauv txhua lub raj mis, nws tuaj yeem ntxias sib xyaw lawv rau hauv ib lub raj mis rau pov tseg. Cov tshuaj sib txawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg los tsim cov pa phem thiab cov pa phem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm kev nyab xeeb
Ntxiv rau daim ntawv lo khoom lag luam, koj xav nyeem MSDS rau cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj. MSDS muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau koj txog cov tshuaj: nws lom, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab xav txog kev pov tseg.
Txhua yam khoom siv tshuaj uas koj yuav yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv MSDS. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tseem tuaj yeem siv online MSDS cov ntaub ntawv txhawm rau nrhiav MSDS rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas koj xav tau pov tseg
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshawb xyuas cov npe pov tseg cov khoom phom sij
Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig (EPA) muaj ntau yam peev txheej los txiav txim siab yog tias koj cov pov tseg tau suav tias yog qhov phom sij thiab yam tshwj xeeb twg yog qhov xav tau pov tseg. EPA tswj hwm cov pov tseg uas tsim kev phom sij uas siv Txoj Cai Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Rov Qab Los Xyoo 1976.
- Txiav txim siab yog tias koj qhov pov tseg yog qhov phom sij los ntawm kev hais txog daim ntawv qhia EPA txaus.
- Yog tias koj qhov pov tseg tau muab cais ua EPA txaus ntshai, koj yuav tsum tau hu rau EPA kom muab pov tseg kom raug.
- Koj tuaj yeem tiv toj EPA online lossis nrhiav koj lub chaw haujlwm EPA hauv cheeb tsam thiab tiv tauj lawv ncaj qha hauv xov tooj.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Tso Cov Tshuaj Muaj Tshuaj
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb kom raug
Thaum cuam tshuam nrog ib yam tshuaj twg, koj yuav tsum ib txwm hnav hnab looj tes, tsho ntev, ris ntev, tsom iav, thiab khau kaw ntiv taw. Koj xav kom txo qis ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom ntau li ntau tau. Cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau tawm cov pa phem, yog li koj xav ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw muaj cua nkag tau zoo.
- Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov khi koj cov plaub hau rov qab yog tias nws ntev.
- Tsis txhob ua pa tob tob thiab nqus cov pa tshuaj lom, tshwj xeeb yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias cov tshuaj yog dab tsi.
- Nyeem tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb rau tshuaj ua ntej ua haujlwm nrog nws lossis muab pov tseg.
- Yog tias koj tau txais tshuaj rau ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij lossis hauv koj lub qhov muag, nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd yaug qhov cuam tshuam nrog dej tsawg kawg 15 feeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Dilute bleach thiab hydrogen peroxide los nchuav rau hauv lub qhov dej
Ua kom tov cov tshuaj dawb los yog hydrogen peroxide ntau ntxiv los tsawg kawg 10 zaug ntawm cov dej. Cia cov tshuaj tov zaum tsawg kawg ib teev ua ntej pov tseg.
Kauj Ruam 3. Khaws cov tshuaj hnyav rau sau tshwj xeeb
Cov kuab tshuaj xws li cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb uas rov ua dua tshiab lossis sau los ntawm lub tuam txhab pov tseg muaj kev phom sij. Ntau lub khw muag khoom txhim kho hauv tsev muaj cov chaw pleev xim dua ib yam thiab.
Cov xim pleev xim tuaj yeem muab pov tseg tom tsev. Sib tov sib npaug ntawm cov miv miv kom phim cov xim. Do kom txog thaum cov xim tuab thiab tso cai sib xyaw zaum ib teev. Koj tuaj yeem muab cov xim tawv tawv tso rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab
Kauj Ruam 4. Rov ua dua cov khoom siv tsheb
Cov kua dej ntsig txog lub tsheb xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov roj tsheb, thiab cov kua dej sib kis tuaj yeem sau thiab rov ua dua tshiab. Tsis muaj ib yam ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem muab pov tseg lossis pov tseg ntawm qhov nqes dej. Sau cov dej thiab nqa nws mus rau qhov chaw siv ub ua ub no nyob ze.
Siv tus neeg nrhiav chaw rov ua dua tshiab los pab koj nrhiav chaw nyob ze koj
Kauj Ruam 5. Tso tag nrho cov kais dej aerosol
Ua qhov no los ntawm kev tig lawv rov qab thiab txau lawv rau hauv cov khoom nqus tau, xws li cov ntaub so tes, ntaub qhwv, lossis daim txhuam cev. Thaum lub peev xwm poob tag nrho nws lub siab, qhwv nws hauv ob peb txheej ntawv xov xwm thiab pov nws nrog cov thoob khib nyiab hauv tsev.
Xwb, koj tuaj yeem pov tseg cov poom uas tau ntim ib nrab los ntawm kev coj lawv mus rau Lub Chaw Khib Nyiab Cov Khoom Muaj Teeb Meem Hauv Tsev
Kauj Ruam 6. Xa cov tshuaj lom hauv pas dej rov qab mus rau koj lub pas dej ua ke hauv khw
Cov khw hauv pas dej feem ntau yuav siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv pas dej thiab muab pov tseg kom raug. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas nrog lub pas dej hauv zej zog thiab saib seb lawv puas xav tau koj cov tshuaj tsis siv.
Yog tias koj yuav tsum muab lawv pov rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab, xyuas kom cov tshuaj tau qhuav, khaws cia rau hauv lawv lub ntim qub thiab ob lub hnab ntim kom tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob
Kauj Ruam 7. Xa cov tshuaj lom neeg mus rau cov txheej txheem sau cov khoom phom sij
Yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog txoj hauv kev pov tseg kom raug rau cov khoom muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai, zoo li roj teeb tsheb, nrhiav kev pab cuam cov khoom phom sij nyob ze thiab saib seb lawv puas siv koj cov khoom pov tseg. Cov zej zog feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev pabcuam zoo li no.
- Laboratories muaj cov tuam tsev pov tseg pov tseg tshwj xeeb uas saib xyuas qhov no. Thaum koj muaj lub ntim puv, teem sijhawm tuaj nqa khoom pov tseg.
- Khaws cov tshuaj uas siv hauv lub ntim kom raug pov tseg. Lub ntim yas ntim feem ntau txaus.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Tsis Ua Raws Li Cov Tshuaj Muaj Zog lossis Cov Hauv Paus Rau Kev Pov Tseg
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus uas tsis tuaj yeem nruab nrab
Muaj qee cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nruab nrab thiab pov tseg ntawm qhov tso dej tawm. Kev pov tseg ntawm cov hauv qab no yuav tsum ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai:
- perchloric kua qaub
- concentrated nitric acid
- fuming (mloog zoo), sulfuric acid
- hydrofluoric acid
- cov kua qaub los yog cov hauv paus nrog dyes lossis surfactants
- acids ntawm cov hauv paus nrog hnyav hlau
- organic acids thiab cov hauv paus uas tseem muaj tshuaj lom tom qab nruab nrab
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus
Cov kua qaub muaj zog (pH <2.0) thiab cov hauv paus muaj zog (pH> 12.0) yuav tsum tau ua kom nruab nrab ua ntej sib tov thiab pov tseg hauv qhov dej. Lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv lub ntsuas ntsuas pH lossis kab xev pH. Cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus yuav tsum tau nruab nrab rau pH ntau ntawm 6.0 thiab 9.0.
- Tus ntsuas pH ncaj qha ntsuas pH ntawm cov tshuaj.
- Daim ntawv pH muaj cov xim qhia uas qhia koj lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshem tawm cov kua qaub uas muaj zog nrog sodium hydroxide
Ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub fume hood (lossis thaj chaw muaj cua nkag tau zoo) vim tias cov txheej txheem no tawm cov pa phem. Khaws cov tshuaj sib tov tas li thiab maj mam ntxiv sodium hydroxide. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav tso tawm cua sov yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas sodium hydroxide tau ntxiv maj mam. Khaws ntxiv sodium hydroxide kom txog thaum cov kua qaub nyob nruab nrab.
- Muab lub khob ntim rau hauv lub thawv ntim dej khov thib ob yuav pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kub thiab ua rau raug mob.
- Koj kuj yuav tsum hnav tsom iav thiab daim npog ntsej muag los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm cov pa phem.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tshem tawm cov hauv paus ruaj khov nrog hydrochloric acid
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nruab nrab lub hauv paus muaj zog yog tib yam li ua kom tsis muaj zog acid tshwj tsis yog koj siv hydrochloric acid es tsis txhob sodium hydroxide. Maj mam ntxiv cov hydrochloric acid mus rau lub hauv paus muaj zog thaum tas li nplawm cov tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem tso tawm cua sov, yog li ntxiv maj mam thiab khaws lub ntim rau hauv lub thoob dej khov kom tsis txhob kub lub thawv kub
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb xyuas pH dua
Tom qab nruab nrab, pH yuav tsum nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 6.0 thiab 9.0. Siv tus ntsuas ntsuas pH lossis kab ntawv pH kom ntseeg tau tias muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kua qaub lossis hauv paus. Yog tias pH tsis nyob hauv thaj tsam raug, txuas ntxiv ntxiv cov tshuaj nruab nrab nruab nrab lossis cov hauv paus rau cov tshuaj kom txog thaum qhov raug pH raug mus txog.
Kev ntsuas cov kua qaub-hauv qab kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas pH ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem. Raws li pH ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj hloov pauv, xim ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav hloov. Yog tias koj nkag tau mus rau qhov ntsuas, nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov txheej txheem nruab nrab yooj yim dua
Kauj Ruam 6. Dilute los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua qaub los yog cov hauv paus rau hauv dej
Txhawm rau daws cov tshuaj, ib txwm ntxiv cov kua qaub lossis lub hauv paus ncaj qha rau hauv dej. Ntxiv dej rau cov kua qaub lossis hauv paus tuaj yeem ua kom dej sov ntau ntxiv thiab ua rau tawg.
- Diluting cov kua qaub los yog lub hauv paus yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic, lub ntsiab lus nws yuav ua kom sov. Muab lub khob ntim rau hauv lub thoob dej khov kom tsis txhob kub lub thawv kub.
- Koj tuaj yeem suav cov dej xav tau los daws qhov kev daws teeb meem raws li lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ncuav nws mus rau hauv lub qhov dej
Thaum qhov kev daws teeb meem tau nruab nrab thiab diluted, nws tuaj yeem nchuav ncaj qha rau hauv qhov dej. Khaws cov dej ntws thaum koj nchuav cov tshuaj tso rau hauv qhov dej kom ntxiv mus ntxiv.
