Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev tag nrho lub sijhawm, tab sis kev tswj hwm koj cov ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem pab koj tiv thaiv teeb meem. Ntshav qab zib yog mob hnyav uas koj lub cev tsis ua insulin txaus los tswj koj cov ntshav qab zib lossis tsis siv cov insulin ntxiv lawm. Txij li nws tseem ceeb heev kom pib kho tam sim, koj yuav xav paub tseeb tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau thaum koj pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib yog li koj tuaj yeem kuaj.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Paub Thaum Twg Tau Txais Kev Xeem
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab txog hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib
Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib yog lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj insulin, cov tshuaj uas tswj hwm cov piam thaj (piam thaj) hauv cov ntshav thiab pab xa cov piam thaj mus rau koj lub cell rau lub zog. Yog tias koj lub cev tsis tsim cov tshuaj insulin, qhov no txhais tau tias cov piam thaj nyob hauv koj cov ntshav thiab koj cov ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem dhau mus. Ntawm qhov sib txawv, hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm siv thiab khaws cov piam thaj kom zoo ua tsaug rau insulin tsis kam, uas feem ntau txuas nrog ua rog. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas muaj qhov hnyav ntau dhau, cov leeg nqaij, lub siab thiab cov rog rog tsis ua cov tshuaj insulin kom raug thiab txiav txiav yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem tsim txaus, ua rau cov ntshav qabzib ntau ntxiv.
- Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib (yav tas los hu ua ntshav qab zib menyuam yaus) feem ntau kuaj pom hauv menyuam yaus lossis hluas, thiab tuaj yeem tsim nyob hauv ob peb lub lis piam xwb. Lub caij no, hom 2 txhim kho nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab nrog lub hnub nyoog, txawm hais tias nws tau dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau rau cov menyuam muaj kev pib mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 vim yog rog.
- Kwv yees li 10 feem pua ntawm txhua tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog hom 1 thiab xav tau cov tshuaj insulin kom muaj sia nyob, qhov feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov metabolism uas ua rau insulin tsis txaus.
- Kuj tseem muaj ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub, uas tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub. Vim tias kev tsim cov tshuaj hormone ntau ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub, cov tshuaj insulin kuj tau nce ntxiv los tswj cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav; Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm insulin ntau ntxiv, tom qab ntawd cov ntshav qab zib tshwm sim. Mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub feem ntau ploj tom qab yug los, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau leej niam muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua rau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib hauv lub neej.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub txog cov tsos mob
Tau txais kev sim yog tias koj nthuav tawm qhov qub triad ntawm cov tsos mob ntshav qab zib: nce nqhis dej (polydipsia), nce zis ntau zaus (polyuria), thiab nce tshaib plab. Koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas seb koj tab tom muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov tsos mob no raws li qhov feem ntau "ib txwm" rau koj. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nquag tso zis xya zaus lossis ntau zaus hauv ib hnub, tab sis tam sim no tso zis ntau dua thiab yuav tsum sawv thaum ib tag hmo, qee yam tsis raug thiab koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob xub thawj. Lwm cov tsos mob muaj xws li:
- Ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob (piv txwv li, qhov txhab uas tsis kho sai, mob hnyav thiab rov tshwm sim, xws li mob ko taw lossis kis las kis las taw, kis kab mob hauv chaw mos lossis qhov ncauj, thiab lwm yam)
- Tingling lossis mob hauv txhais tes lossis hauv qab taw (peripheral neuropathy)
- Lethargy thiab qaug zog
- Qhov muag tsis pom kev
- Ua kom qab los noj mov
- Piav qhia qhov hnyav poob
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai
Feem ntau ntawm cov tsos mob thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ntshav qab zib yog qhov tseeb rau cov neeg hnub nyoog 45 xyoos thiab tshaj saud; txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem pom ntau zaus hauv cov neeg rog rog hnub nyoog qis dua 40 thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov hluas rog rog. Yam tseem ceeb uas yuav ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib muaj xws li:
- Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm ntshav qab zib
- Ntshav siab (140/90 lossis siab dua)
- Qib siab ntawm triglycerides (250 mg/dL lossis siab dua)
- Tsawg lipoprotein tsawg ntom ntom, lossis HDL (cov roj cholesterol zoo) (35 mg/dL lossis qis dua)
- Haiv neeg (Neeg Asmeskas-Asmeskas, Neeg Hispanic, Neeg Qhab Asmeskas lossis Pacific Islander)
- Kev rog (qhov ntsuas lub cev hnyav (BMI) siab dua 25)
- Keeb kwm ntawm cev xeeb tub ntshav qab zib
- Xa tus menyuam mos uas hnyav ntau dua 9 lbs
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
- Kab mob plawv uas twb muaj lawm
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas
Cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum kuaj mob ntshav qab zib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 45 xyoos thiab tom qab ntawd txhua peb xyoos tom qab ntawd. Rau cov uas nyob hauv cov pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, tsis muaj kev pom zoo-txiav txim siab thaum yuav tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum pib, tab sis American Academy of Endocrinology tau hais tias yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau nrhiav rau txhua tus neeg hauv pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo muaj npe saum toj no.
- Nco tseg tias cov uas koom nrog pawg neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua (African Asmeskas, Hispanics, Native American, thiab Pacific Islanders) yuav tsum tau kuaj mob ntshav qab zib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30, raws li American Academy of Endocrinology.
- Yog tias koj tau kuaj pom tus mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 txhua leej txhua tus mus rau ob xyoos.
- Yog tias koj muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 45 xyoos tab sis rog dhau lossis rog dhau, txiav txim siab kuaj xyuas tus mob ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav qab zib.
- Ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mus rau ntau xyoo yam tsis muaj kev kuaj mob, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ua raws cov lus qhia ntsuas no, vim tias kev kuaj mob ntxov thiab kev kho mob txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab xwm txheej.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Tau Xeem
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kuaj mob ntshav qab zib
Cov kev ntsuas no suav nrog ntsuas koj cov ntshav, txawm hais tias lawv ua txhua yam tsis ntsuas tib yam. Kev xeem yuav tsum tau ua hauv qhov chaw muaj ntawv pov thawj thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, xws li kws kho mob lub chaw haujlwm lossis chaw kuaj mob. Txhua qhov kev sim feem ntau yuav tsum tau rov ua dua ntawm ib hnub sib txawv yog li tom qab ntawd muaj ob qhov kev sim uas tuaj yeem siv tau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas mob ntshav qab zib.
- Muaj peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb siv los tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj ib tus neeg muaj ntshav qab zib (txhais tau tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo loj dua ntawm kev txhim kho ntshav qab zib) lossis ntshav qab zib: kev ntsuas glycated hemoglobin, kuaj ntshav qabzib sai, thiab kuaj ntshav qabzib hauv qhov ncauj.
- Nco ntsoov tias yog tias cov piam thaj hauv koj cov ntshav tau txiav txim siab siab dua li ib txwm raws li ib qho kev ntsuas hauv qab no thiab yog tias koj tab tom pom cov tsos mob zoo li qub ntawm cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntau, koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsis xav kom kuaj dua zaum ob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tau kuaj glycated hemoglobin (A1C)
Qhov kev kuaj ntshav no muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog koj cov ntshav qab zib li ob lossis peb lub hlis dhau los los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntshav qab zib txuas nrog hemoglobin hauv cov ntshav. Hemoglobin yog cov protein uas nqa cov pa oxygen hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Thaum koj cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntau, cov piam thaj ntau yuav txuas nrog rau hemoglobin. Ib qib qis dua 5.7% suav tias yog ib txwm muaj, thaum qib ntawm 5.7% txog 6.4% raug txiav txim siab ua ntej rau ntshav qab zib, thiab 6.5% lossis siab dua yog qhia txog ntshav qab zib. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog tus qauv ntsuas ntsuas ntshav qab zib, tswj hwm, thiab tshawb fawb.
- Koj tsis tas yuav teem sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm chav kuaj ntshav, tab sis hloov pauv nrog koj daim ntawv thov thiab tau txais cov qauv ntshav piv txwv uas tom qab ntawd xa mus rau chav kuaj. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov kev xeem no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas koj tsis tas yuav yoo mov lossis haus dab tsi ua ntej ntsuas. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub ntawd.
- Feem ntau koj yuav raug kuaj ob zaug, nrog txhua qhov kev sim tshwm sim nyob rau ib hnub sib txawv, txhawm rau ntsuas qhov nruab nrab feem pua ntawm cov ntshav txuas rau koj cov hemoglobin.
- Kev xeem A1C tsis pom zoo yog tias nws xav tias koj muaj hom 1 lossis ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub.
Kauj Ruam 3. Cuam cov yoo ntshav qabzib (FPG)
Qhov kev ntsuas no ntsuas koj cov ntshav qab zib sai. "Kev yoo mov" txhais tau tias koj tsis kam noj lossis haus dab tsi tab sis dej, kas fes dub lossis tshuaj yej tsis muaj qab zib rau yim teev ua ntej kuaj ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas ntau yam xwm txheej los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav no, suav nrog qib qab zib, cov roj (cholesterol) thiab qib ntawm cov enzymes hauv lub siab thiab ob lub raum, vim cov kabmob no cuam tshuam los ntawm ntshav qab zib. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog qhov cuab yeej siv tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj ntshav qab zib vim nws yooj yim dua thiab raug nqi ntau dua li kev kuaj ntshav qab zib qhov ncauj.
- Kev nyeem ntawv ib txwm yog suav tias yog ib qho tsawg dua 100 mg/dl, thaum nyeem ntawv 100 txog 125 qhia tias ua ntej ntshav qab zib. Qib FPG ntawm 126 yog qhia txog ntshav qab zib.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej rau qhov kev xeem no txij li koj yuav tsum yoo mov. Rau koj tus kheej kom yooj yim thiab xis nyob, qhov kev xeem no feem ntau yog ua thawj zaug thaum sawv ntxov, ua ntej noj tshais.
- Koj tus kws kho mob tej zaum yuav xav rov ua qhov ntsuas tib yam nyob rau lwm hnub kom paub tseeb tias cov txiaj ntsig tau ntseeg tau.
- Yog tias koj qib FPG siab heev, yog tias koj tab tom pom cov tsos mob ntawm ntshav qab zib, lossis yog tias koj tau kuaj pom yav tas los ua ntej mob ntshav qab zib, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav hloov mus rau qhov kev sim tom ntej hauv nws cov khoom siv, qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ua siab ntev kom tau txais kev kuaj mob sai thiab ruaj khov.
Kauj Ruam 4. Muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ncauj qab zib (OGTT)
Nov yog qhov kev xeem ob teev uas ntsuas koj cov piam thaj hauv ntshav ua ntej thiab tom qab koj tau haus dej uas tau tshwj xeeb qab zib kom koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom tias koj lub cev ua cov piam thaj li cas. Txhawm rau npaj rau qhov kev xeem no, koj yuav tsum tau teem sijhawm ua ntej rau qhov kev xeem no thiab yoo yim teev ua ntej.
- Thaum pib ntawm koj lub sijhawm teem, tus kws kho mob lossis kws saib xyuas mob yuav ntsuas koj cov piam thaj hauv ntshav (feem ntau yuav nrog kev ntsuas tus ntiv tes yooj yim, qhov twg koj tus ntiv tes raug hlais thiab cov piam thaj hauv koj cov ntshav tau suav los ntawm lub ntsuas digital). Tom qab ntawd koj yuav haus cov dej qab zib thiab zaum li ob teev ua ntej ib tus neeg kuaj koj cov ntshav dua.
- Ib qib ntawm 139 mg/dl lossis qis dua yog suav tias yog ib txwm muaj, thaum nyeem 140 txog 199 qhia tias ua ntej mob ntshav qab zib, thiab 200 lossis siab dua qhia tias mob ntshav qab zib.
- Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tau txhaj tshuaj OGTT los txiav txim ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov qib qabzib raug kuaj plaub zaug nrog qib siab (ntshav qab zib) yog 95 lossis siab dua yoo mov, 180 lossis siab dua tom qab ib teev, 155 lossis siab dua tom qab ob teev, thiab 140 lossis siab dua tom qab peb teev.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tau txais kev kuaj ntshav qabzib hauv ntshav
Kuj tseem hu ua Casual Plasma Glucose Test, qhov kev ntsuas no yog kuaj ntshav uas tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm ntawm ib hnub (lub ntsiab lus tsis tau hais txog kev yoo mov hnub ua ntej). Qhov no feem ntau yog tseg rau cov tib neeg uas muaj cov tsos mob ntshav qab zib hnyav.
Hauv qhov kev ntsuas no, kuaj ntshav qab zib thaum koj cov ntshav qab zib yog 200 mg/dl lossis siab dua
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias kuaj pom tias yog mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj hloov qee yam hauv koj lub neej txhua hnub, xws li nce koj qib kev tawm dag zog, saib koj cov zaub mov noj, thiab poob qhov hnyav me ntsis. cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem pab koj tshem tawm cov ntshav qab zib tag nrho.
- Nco ntsoov tias "mob ntshav qab zib mellitus" txhais tau tias koj muaj qib siab dua li cov ntshav qabzib ntau ntau tab sis cov qib no tsis siab txaus kom suav tias yog qhia txog ntshav qab zib.
Lus ceeb toom
- Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub lim tiam 24 ntawm lawv cev xeeb tub, ntau tus poj niam raug kuaj mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj heev rau tus menyuam yog tias tsis kho. Hmoov zoo, ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm kev ua raws cov zaub mov nruj.
- Cov tib neeg feem ntau suav tias yog tus neeg muaj ntshav qab zib feem ntau yuav zoo dua li cov tsis tau sau npe ua ntej ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib tsis pub dhau 10 xyoo thiab feem ntau yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm teeb meem plawv loj, xws li plawv nres lossis mob hlab ntsha tawg.
