Spina bifida yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem yug me nyuam feem ntau hauv Asmeskas cuam tshuam txog 1 ntawm txhua 2, 858 tus menyuam yug hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Thaum lub paj hlwb, tus txha nqaj qaum, lossis lub npog npog ntawm ib qho - tseem hu ua meninges - tsis txhim kho kom raug, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev puas thiab cov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tam sim no qhov laj thawj tsis paub, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam nrog. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los paub txog spina bifida.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Txheeb Xyuas Spina Bifida hauv Menyuam Yaus, Menyuam, thiab Cov Neeg Laus
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas thaj chaw ntawm tus txha nraub qaum tsis zoo lossis cim xeeb
Kev hloov xim tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis tiav. Tseem yuav muaj qhov ua tsis zoo ntawm tus nqaj qaum.
Nco ntsoov tias ntau lub cim yug yog ib txwm muaj thiab tsis qhia tias muaj teeb meem. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas ib qho cim hnub yug uas koj muaj nyob ntawm koj lub nraub qaum yog tias koj xav tias muaj teeb meem
Kauj Ruam 2. Xav tias tus txha nqaj qaum rau cov qog ua rog, tawm los, lossis dimples
Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov pob txha, rog, lossis daim nyias nyias hla tus nqaj qaum. Qhov no feem ntau yog kos npe ntawm cov teeb meem neural kaw.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav cov plaub hau me me raws tus nqaj qaum
Thaum tus txha nraub qaum tsis kaw txoj kev nws yuav tsum tau, muaj qee zaum muaj plaub hau plaub hau ntawm qhov qhib. Qhov no tuaj yeem kuaj tsis tau txog thaum tom qab yug menyuam, ib yam li lwm cov tsos mob, vim tias ultrasound tsis tau qhia tus nqaj qaum ntawm lub kaum sab xis.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xav txog cov tsos mob hnyav
Hauv qee kis mob spina bifida, tej zaum yuav muaj qee cov tsos mob hnyav, xws li cov teeb meem hauv lub cev qis, uas suav nrog deformities nrog rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog. Cov no yuav suav nrog:
- Lub cev thiab kev txawj ntse xiam oob qhab. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus mob spina bifida yam tsis muaj hydrocephalus yog kev txawj ntse ib txwm muaj.
- Tuag tes tuag taw.
- Teeb meem tso zis thiab tso quav.
- Qhov muag tsis pom thiab/lossis lag ntseg (tsis tshua muaj).
Kauj Ruam 5. Nrhiav lub hnab ntim kua
Lub hnab yuav nthuav tawm los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum, uas yog ob qho tib si meningocele (tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum) lossis meningomyelocele (txuas txha caj qaum) daim ntawv ntawm spina bifida. Qee lub sij hawm muaj txheej tawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij npog lub hnab uas nthuav tawm los ntawm nraub qaum. Lwm cov tsos mob txuam nrog ua raws:
- Ib feem lossis tag nrho tuag tes tuag taw yuav tshwm sim.
- Teeb meem ntawm lub zais zis thiab txoj hnyuv.
Kauj Ruam 6. Saib cov teeb meem noj mov lossis ua pa
Ib qho xwm txheej hu ua Chiari II malformation tuaj yeem ua tau, qhov twg ib feem ntawm lub hlwb nthuav tawm qis mus rau thaj tsam caj dab lossis tus txha nqaj qaum. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau yam, uas tseem suav nrog qee qhov caj npab ua haujlwm.
Kauj Ruam 7. Paub txog lub taub hau loj txawv txav
Kev tsim cov kua dej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hlwb, tseem hu ua hydrocephalus, tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tsim kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig. Qhov qhia ntau tshaj ntawm hydrocephalus hauv menyuam yaus yog ua kom lub taub hau loj tuaj, tab sis menyuam yaus tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm muaj cov tsos mob xws li qaug dab peg, tsaug zog, tsis hnov lus, tsis pom qhov muag, thiab xeev siab lossis ntuav.
- Menyuam mos tuaj yeem tsim tus mob meningitis, kis kab mob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig lub hlwb. Menyuam mos tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb raug mob thiab ua rau menyuam lub neej muaj sia.
- Tej zaum yuav muaj kev xiam oob khab xws li mloog lus luv, nyuaj nrog lus thiab nyeem ntawv, thiab teeb meem nrog lej.
Kauj Ruam 8. Tau xoo hluav taws xob xoo hluav taws xob, MRI, lossis CT scan
Feem ntau qhov no yog rau spina bifida occulta (SBO), daim ntawv me tshaj ntawm spina bifida, tab sis nws tuaj yeem lees paub lwm hom thiab. Thawj txoj hauv kev tshawb pom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm SBO uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem yog xoo hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov sib txawv me me lossis qhov txawv txav ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum, lossis tsawg zaus feem ntau tus txha nqaj qaum uas tau sib txuas, tuab, muaj cov rog rog, tau faib ua ob, lossis txuas nrog daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem kuaj pom siv cov duab sib nqus sib nqus (MRI), lossis suav tomography (CT) scan. Cov neeg feem coob nrog SBO tsis muaj teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum yuav muaj lwm cov tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog SBO, xws li:
- Mob, loog, lossis tsis muaj zog nyob tom qab lossis txhais ceg
- Deformed ob txhais ceg, taw, nraub qaum
- Hloov pauv ntawm lub zais zis lossis lub plab ua haujlwm
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Txheeb Xyuas Spina Bifida Thaum Cev Xeeb Tub
Kauj Ruam 1. Tau txais kev kuaj niam mis alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP)
Thaum lub hlis thib ob (nws tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg), kwv yees li ntawm 16-18 lub lis piam, tus mob spina bifida feem ntau kuaj pom ntawm MSAFP uas ntsuas qee yam hu ua alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Qib siab dua ntawm AFP yog qhov muaj peev xwm kos npe ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis tau pom.
Nco ntsoov tias MSAFP qhov kev xeem tsis yog 100% raug, thiab yuav tsum muaj kev xeem ntxiv
Kauj Ruam 2. Muaj ultrasound
Yog tias koj qib AFP siab dua, ces koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav ua ultrasound. Ib qho ultrasound tuaj yeem muab cov duab ntawm tus menyuam mos hauv plab thiab tus txha caj qaum, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus kws kho mob kuaj mob spina bifida.
Kauj Ruam 3. Thov kom amniocentesis
Thaum lub sij hawm amniocentesis, tus kws kho mob rho tawm qee cov kua dej amniotic uas tiv thaiv menyuam hauv plab. Siv cov kua, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas qib siab ntawm AFP. Ib qho kev poob qis rau qhov kev xeem no, txawm li cas los xij, yog nws tsis tau ntxaws txaus kom paub txog qib uas spina bifida tau cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nug kom kuaj sab hauv rau spina bifida
Scans uas tom qab yug me nyuam, tom qab yug me nyuam, feem ntau tsuas yog txoj hauv kev me dua ntawm spina bifida tau pom. X-ray, MRI, lossis CT scan tuaj yeem ua. Qhov kev xaiv no yog siv feem ntau thaum cov tsos mob spina bifida tsis pom tseeb.
Yees duab - Los ntawm kev siv qhov kev pabcuam no, qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab qhia rau YouTube
Lub tswv yim
- Cov menyuam yaus uas txhim kho hydrocephalus feem ntau xav tau kev tshem tawm ze lub paj hlwb kom ntws cov kua.
- Nrog rau kev saib xyuas tsim nyog, feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yaus nrog spina bifida ua neej zoo mus rau cov neeg laus.
- Teeb meem tswj lub zais zis feem ntau yog daws los ntawm kev siv catheterization.
- Meningocele phais rau ob hom mob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm spina bifida, meningocele thiab myelomeningocele, tej zaum yuav tsim nyog. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob, yuav tsum ua cov txheej txheem no yog tias lub hnab ntim kua tsis tau npog ntawm daim tawv nqaij li ob hnub tom qab yug los.
- Cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem nrog spina bifida yuav xav tau tus ntoo thuv, kab zauv, lossis lub rooj zaum muaj log.
- Yog tias koj cev xeeb tub, ntxiv folic acid rau koj cov zaub mov noj (400 micrograms ib hnub) kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm spina bifida. Ntxiv cov khoom noj nrog folic acid (piv txwv li cov qhob cij ntxiv, qe qe, zaub ntsuab ntsuab, ntxiv dag zog rau cov nplej, nplej tag nrho) rau koj cov zaub mov tuaj yeem pab tau.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb lossis haus cawv thaum koj cev xeeb tub.
Lus ceeb toom
- Cov menyuam mos Hispanic muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv rau tus mob spina bifida.
- Qee cov tsos mob yuav tsis tshwm sim kom txog thaum me nyuam loj dua. Cov tsos mob muaj peev xwm uas poob rau hauv pawg no yog ua xua xiam oob qhab, pw tsis tsaug zog, muaj kev nyuaj siab, thiab teeb meem plab zom mov yav tom ntej.
