Ntau tus mob thaum yau tau yuav luag raug tshem tawm ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv qhua pias, mumps, thiab rubella (MMR) yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus thiab neeg laus. Raws li kws kho mob, koj lub hom phiaj yog sib tham txog qhov xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau koj cov neeg mob thiab muab kev nyab xeeb, tshuaj tiv thaiv yooj yim nrog kev saib xyuas tom qab tsim nyog. Ua qhov no los ntawm kev ua raws cov txheej txheem kho mob thiab qhia koj cov neeg mob, thiab koj ob leeg yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb, muaj kev txhaj tshuaj zoo.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 6: Muab MMR ntawm Lub Sijhawm Kho
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab MMR rau menyuam thaum muaj 12-15 lub hlis thiab hnub nyoog 4-6 xyoos
Raws li Asmeskas Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC), koj yuav tsum muab menyuam ob zaug koob tshuaj MMR rau lub sijhawm sib txawv los tiv thaiv mob qhua pias. Muab thawj koob txhaj tshuaj MMR rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 12-15 hlis, thiab txhaj koob thib ob ntawm 4-6 xyoos. Cov menyuam xav tau ob koob tshuaj kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
- Tsuav yog qhov koob thib ob yog 28 hnub tom qab txhaj thawj zaug, menyuam yaus tuaj yeem txhaj koob thib ob ua ntej. Qhov tseem ceeb yog muab ob txhaj tshuaj yam tsawg 28 hnub sib nrug.
- Cov menyuam hnub nyoog 1-12 xyoos tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMRV, uas suav nrog tus mob varicella (mob qhua pias) nrog rau mob qhua pias, mumps, thiab rubella.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xyuas kom cov hluas paub txog lawv cov tshuaj MMR
Cov hluas uas kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab lossis lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yuav tsum tuaj yeem ua pov thawj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, mumps, thiab rubella. Yog tsis yog, muab ob koob tshuaj MMR tsawg kawg 28 hnub sib nrug.
"Pov thawj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob" yog thaum koj tus neeg mob tuaj yeem sau ntawv pov thawj tias lawv tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tau muaj tag nrho peb kab mob, lossis tau kuaj ntshav ua tiav qhia tias lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv rau tag nrho peb kab mob. Txheeb xyuas koj tus neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv kho mob lossis sim tham nrog lawv tus kws kho mob yav dhau los
Kauj Ruam 3. Txhaj tshuaj rau cov laus uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Muab ib koob rau cov neeg laus uas tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov neeg laus yug ua ntej xyoo 1957 tsis xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv, txawm li cas los xij.
Ntu 2 ntawm 6: Txiav txim siab seb koj puas tuaj yeem muab MMR nyab xeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj
Ua kom tiav keeb kwm thiab kuaj lub cev thiab tshuaj xyuas koj tus neeg mob keeb kwm kev txhaj tshuaj ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nug yog tias koj tus neeg mob tab tom noj tshuaj, muaj kev fab tshuaj, lossis puas tau ua tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los. Tsis txhob muab nws yog tias lawv ib txwm muaj qhov tsis haum tshuaj loj (anaphylaxis) rau ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob neomycin.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsis txhob muab MMR rau tus poj niam cev xeeb tub
Kev xeeb tub yog qhov txwv tsis pub muab tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR - tsis txhob muab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub txhaj tshuaj. Yog tias koj tus poj niam tus neeg mob tsis paub meej tias nws cev xeeb tub, sim kuaj zis kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis yog ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhia rau nws paub tias qhov no yog rau nws thiab nws tus menyuam txoj kev nyab xeeb.
- Tos kom txog thaum tom qab tus menyuam yug los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Qhia cov poj niam kom tsis txhob xeeb tub rau 4 lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj MMR hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav yog qhov txwv tsis pub txhaj tshuaj MMR. Coj mus kuaj mob keeb kwm ntawm koj tus neeg mob. Tsis txhob muab MMR rau lawv yog tias lawv raug kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo vim muaj ib qho hauv qab no:
- HIV nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav (muaj tus kab mob ib leeg tsis yog kev txwv yog tias lawv feem ntau noj qab nyob zoo)
- Txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav lossis kho mob qog noj ntshav
- Kev siv tshuaj kho mob tam sim no lossis kev kho hluav taws xob
- Congenital immunodeficiency
- Tsawg platelet suav
- Tau txais lwm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv plaub lub lis piam dhau los
- Tau txais kev tso ntshav tsis ntev los no
- Kev kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob mus sij hawm ntev, xws li nrog corticosteroids
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab yog tias xwm txheej xav tau tos lossis zam qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv
Qee qhov xwm txheej tsis yog contraindications rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis yuav ua rau nws zoo li tus neeg mob yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj yog tias muaj ib qho xwm txheej no tshwm sim, tshwj tsis yog cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua qhov pheej hmoo. Siv koj qhov kev txiav txim siab kho mob zoo tshaj plaws! Xav txog ncua kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR yog tias:
- Tus neeg mob tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj cov ntshav hauv 11 lub hlis dhau los
- Tus neeg mob muaj keeb kwm ntawm thrombocytopenia lossis thrombocytopenia purpura
- Tus neeg mob yuav xav tau kev kuaj tus kab mob TB lossis kev sim tshuaj interferon-gamma (IGRA) nyob rau ob peb hnub tom ntej no; tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj yog tias koj xav tias muaj tus kab mob TB tam sim no
- Tus neeg mob yog mob hnyav rau mob hnyav (mob hnyav me ntsis feem ntau tsis yog teeb meem)
Ntu 3 ntawm 6: Tham nrog Koj Cov Neeg Mob Txog MMR
Kauj Ruam 1. Teb koj tus neeg mob cov lus nug thiab daws lawv qhov kev ntshai
Ntau tus neeg mob, tshwj xeeb yog niam txiv xav txog kev txhaj tshuaj rau lawv tus menyuam, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv yuav xav tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus menyuam mob. Piav tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua rau muaj mob. Pab niam txiv thiab cov neeg mob nkag siab tias mob qhua pias, mumps, thiab rubella yog mob hnyav heev uas tau tshwm sim rau menyuam yaus ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tias tau txais ib yam ntawm cov mob no muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Hais txog lawv cov lus nug ntsiag to thiab ncaj qha yog li lawv zoo li koj nyob hauv tib pab neeg. Nug ncaj qha, "Koj puas muaj kev ntshai lossis txhawj xeeb txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas peb tuaj yeem tham tau?"
Kauj Ruam 2. Piav qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua rau muaj tus mob vwm
Muaj qhov tsis nkag siab ntau uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas hlwb rau cov menyuam yaus. Qhov no yuav tsum txaus ntshai heev rau cov niam txiv, yog li nco ntsoov daws qhov kev ntshai no thiab piav qhia tias nws tsuas yog tsis muaj tseeb. Ceev faj cov niam txiv txog kev ntseeg txhua yam lawv nyeem hauv is taws nem, thiab coj lawv mus rau qhov chaw ntseeg tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li CDC.
Muab cov lus coj los tham xws li, “Kuv paub qee leej niam txiv txhawj xeeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas hlwb lossis teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Yog tias koj muaj cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawd, Kuv xav tham nrog lawv kom txog thaum koj nkag siab thiab xis nyob."
Kauj Ruam 3. Piav qhia MMR ua yam lus uas tus neeg hais lus yuav nkag siab
Muab koj cov neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv hais txog MMR uas nkag siab tau thiab cuam tshuam nrog. Tsis txhob siv cov lus kho mob ntau dhau lossis tham nrog koj cov neeg mob. Tsis txhob hais tej yam zoo li lawv yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv tus menyuam vim nws yog "qhov yog," lossis vim koj "tau hais li ntawd." Hloov chaw, siv lub suab phooj ywg thiab txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv los pab lawv nkag siab tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yuav pab tiv thaiv lawv tus menyuam-thiab lwm tus neeg cov menyuam-los ntawm kev muaj mob hnyav.
Tsis txhob siv lo lus xws li, "MMR yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau virulence ntawm cov kab mob raug txo qis." Hloov chaw, hais qee yam xws li, “Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhua pias siv tus kab mob tsis muaj zog. Nws muaj zog txaus kom ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv nws, tab sis tsis muaj zog txaus ua rau koj mob."
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia koj tus neeg mob txog cov kev mob tshwm sim
Piav tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam me me xws li mob, o, thiab liab ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, thiab kub cev tsawg. Qhia rau koj tus neeg mob tias qhov no tsis txaus ntshai lossis tsis yooj yim, thiab nws tsis yog lub cim qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau lawv lossis lawv tus menyuam mob. Piav tias nws yog lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv nws xav tau. Qhia rau lawv paub tias koj muaj kev pab yog tias lawv muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb.
Ntu 4 ntawm 6: Npaj Koj Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb thiab npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas koj tab tom yuav muab
Txheeb xyuas thiab rov tshuaj xyuas lub vial daim ntawv lo tshuaj tiv thaiv uas koj tab tom yuav muab. Txheeb xyuas hnub tas sij hawm - yog tias nws tas sijhawm, muab pov tseg thiab siv daim ntawv tshiab. Txheeb daim ntawv lo kom pom tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau tuav tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li tuav lub vial txhaj tshuaj thiab/lossis siv cov khoom sib xyaw rov ua dua tshiab (diluent).
Siv daim ntawv txheeb xyuas "Txoj Cai": Tus neeg mob raug, tshuaj tiv thaiv raug thiab qhov sib ntxiv (thaum tsim nyog), lub sijhawm raug (tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog raug, ncua sijhawm, tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tas sijhawm), siv tshuaj ntau, txoj cai/koob, qhov chaw raug, cov ntaub ntawv raug
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv rab koob 5/8"
Xaiv rab koob uas yog 5/8 ntev thiab nruab nrab ntawm 23-25 ntsuas. Siv rab koob tshiab, tsis muaj menyuam rau txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj. Tshem lub ntim thiab ntswj lub koob rau ntawm rab koob. Tsuas yog txiav lub koob thaum koj npaj siv nws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kos 0.5ml ntawm koob tshuaj MMR
So cov roj hmab nres ntawm koj lub vial tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog cawv. Uncap koj rab koob thiab ntxig nws los ntawm cov roj hmab nres. Rub rov qab rau ntawm lub plunger kom txog thaum koj tau ntim lub koob txhaj tshuaj mus rau yav dhau los 0.5ml cim. Tshem rab koob los ntawm tus nres thiab thawb maj mam rau ntawm lub plunger txhawm rau txhaj tshuaj me me kom paub tseeb - qhov no tshem tawm cov npuas thiab tau txais cov kua mus rau 0.5 milliliters (0.02 fl oz) cim.
Qhov no yog qhov koob tshuaj rau menyuam yaus thiab cov laus
Ntu 5 ntawm 6: Muab Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv
Kauj Ruam 1. Ntxuav koj txhais tes
Ntxuav koj txhais tes kom huv nrog dej sov thiab xab npum. Sau cov xab npum tsawg kawg 30 vib nas this thiab txhuam hauv qab koj cov rau tes, ntawm koj cov ntiv tes, thiab nce koj lub dab teg. Qhuav koj ob txhais tes nrog daim ntaub so huv.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem tso rau hauv hnab looj tes pov tseg kom tswj hwm kev txhaj tshuaj. Xyuas kom koj tus neeg mob tsis muaj kev fab tshuaj xas; yog tias muaj, siv cov hnab looj tes uas tsis yog yas xws li cov uas tau ua los ntawm nitrile
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj
MMR raug xa tawm subcutaneously, rau hauv cov nqaij rog hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab saum cov leeg nqaij. Rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 12 lub hlis, xaiv qhov chaw rog ntau dua rau sab nraub qaum (anterolateral) cov leeg leeg. Rau ib tus neeg dhau 12 lub hlis, koj tuaj yeem siv lub xub pwg anterolateral lossis cov nqaij rog hla cov leeg triceps.
Nug cov neeg laus yog tias lawv xav tau ib qho chaw txhaj tshuaj dua lwm qhov
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxuav qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj nrog cawv
Qhib qhov tshiab, tsis huv cawv so. Rub lub xaib rau hauv cov lus tsa suab pib hauv nruab nrab thiab nthuav tawm 2-3 ntiv tes. Cia cov cawv qhuav.
Yog muab ntau tshaj ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv, siv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj cais rau txhua tus. Koj tuaj yeem muab MMR rau tib hnub nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab qhov txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub kaum sab xis 45 ° rau tus neeg mob lub cev
Txhim kho caj npab lossis txhais ceg uas yuav tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj nrog koj txhais tes tsis tseem ceeb. Maj mam muab cov tawv nqaij tso rau kom nkag tau zoo dua rau cov txheej rog. Tuav rab koob txog ib nti los ntawm koj tus neeg mob. Ceev muab rab koob ntawm lub kaum sab xis 45 ° rau tus neeg mob lub cev. Thawb rau ntawm lub plunger nrog lub siab khov kho txhawm rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Tshem rab koob ntawm tib lub kaum sab xis uas koj tso rau.
- Muab rab koob tso rau hauv lub thoob ntim khoom. Tsis txhob sim rov ua dua rab koob tshwj tsis yog nws muaj lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb nyob hauv.
Kauj Ruam 5. So thiab qhwv thaj tsam ntawd
Thov maj nrawm rau thaj chaw tam sim tom qab tshem rab koob. Npog qhov no nrog daim ntaub me me thiab tuav nws nrog daim kab xev kho mob. Qhia koj tus neeg mob tias lawv tuaj yeem tshem cov ntaub qhwv tom qab hnub ntawd.
Ntu 6 ntawm 6: Muab Cov Ntaub Ntawv thiab Tom Qab Saib Xyuas
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj
Sau hnub tim, koob tshuaj, thiab qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj ntawm koj li EMR (Cov Ntawv Kho Mob Kho Mob) lossis ntawv sau tseg, raws li koj tus thawj coj qhia. Nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias ib qho tau siv hauv koj qhov chaw.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab koj tus neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv
Daim Ntawv Qhia Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (VIS) muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog ua tau, muab koj cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg mob cov niam txiv cov ntawv luam VIS nrog txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj. Hauv cov pejxeem menyuam yaus, muab sijhawm teem sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov niam txiv qhia tias tau ua tiav thiab yam twg txuas ntxiv mus, thiab txhawb kom lawv teem sijhawm teem sijhawm rau kev txhaj tshuaj tom ntej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab cov kev tswj hwm kev kho mob rau cov kev mob tshwm sim
Yog tias koj tus neeg mob yws ntawm qhov o, liab, mob, khaus, lossis ntshav me me ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, paub tseeb tias lawv yog qhov ib txwm muaj. Tom qab ntawd muab kev tswj hwm kev kho mob kom lawv xis nyob dua:
- Rau qhov mob, liab, o, lossis khaus, siv qhov txias txias rau thaj tsam. Muab cov neeg laus siv tshuaj mob me me zoo li ibuprofen.
- Yog tias qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj los ntshav, thov muab ntaub qhwv rau thaj tsam ntawd. Yog tias nws tseem muaj ntshav ntxiv, muab daim ntaub tuab tuab qhwv rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhia rau koj tus neeg mob kom siv qhov siab tas li.
- Tsa lawv txhais caj npab siab dua theem ntawm lawv lub siab li ob peb feeb kom maj mam los ntshav.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ceeb toom rau koj cov neeg mob txog yam phom sij yuav tau ceev faj
Tsawg tsawg heev, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum rau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua anaphylaxis. Saib xyuas rau cov cim qhia hauv qab no, thiab ceeb toom koj tus neeg mob lossis lwm tus thib ob kom ua ib yam thiab nrhiav kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev yog tias lawv tshwm sim:
- Qhov pib khaus tag nrho
- Cov tawv nqaij liab liab los yog khaus khaus
- Ua rau daim di ncauj, ntsej muag, tus nplaig, lossis caj pas
- Ua pa lossis ua tsis taus pa
- Mob plab
- Ua ntshav siab thiab ua rau tsis nco qab
Kauj Ruam 5. Muab pov thawj ntawm kev tiv thaiv yav dhau los
Rau cov neeg nyob hauv Asmeskas, CDC txiav txim siab tias koj twb tau tiv thaiv tus mob qhua pias hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, uas txhais tau tias koj tsis xav tau tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov no suav nrog:
- Tau txais ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thiab cov neeg laus nyob rau qhov chaw muaj neeg raug
- Tau txais ib koob tshuaj rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv preschool thiab cov neeg laus nyob rau qhov chaw tsis pom kev tsawg
- Kuaj kuaj pom tias koj tau mob qhua pias ntawm qee kis hauv koj lub neej
- Kuaj kuaj pom tias koj tiv thaiv tus mob qhua pias
- Ua yug ua ntej xyoo 1957
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias koj muab tshuaj tiv thaiv lwm hnub rau tib hnub, siv cais qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Xaiv qhov chaw tsawg kawg 1-2 ntiv sib nrug kom koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim.
- Muaj cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm txheej uas muaj epinephrine yog tias tus neeg mob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav.
- Tham nrog CDC cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau menyuam yaus, menyuam yaus thiab hluas, thiab cov neeg laus ntawm lawv lub vev xaib yog tias koj xav tau.
