Cov menyuam yaus muaj kev xav tau kev txhawb nqa zoo ib yam li lwm cov menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav xav tau tshwj xeeb me ntsis lossis kov tus kheej txhawm rau coj tawm lawv tus kheej zoo tshaj plaws. Yog tias koj ua siab ntev, hlub, thiab txawj xav, koj yuav pom tias txhawb nqa tus menyuam uas muaj kev puas hlwb yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj ob leeg.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Txhawb Kev Zoo Siab thiab Zoo Outlook
Kauj Ruam 1. Pab cov menyuam nrhiav tus cwj pwm tsis zoo
Ib yam uas ua rau cov menyuam tsis muaj kev ntseeg yog kev ntshai tias lawv qee qhov "tsis zoo" rau cov neeg tsis muaj hlwb. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm qhov tseeb. Pab lawv paub qhov ua tiav tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lwm tus neeg muaj kev puas siab ntsws tuaj yeem pab muab lawv kev tsav tsheb, kev pib ua haujlwm, thiab kev ntseeg siab kom ua tiav:
- Daniel Tammet yog tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus paub lus paub zoo tias yog ib tus txiv neej ntse tshaj plaws. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv TV qhia txhua qhov chaw nrog rau cov ntawv sau cia.
- Donna Williams yog tus sau thoob ntiaj teb kev muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov duab puab. Nws tseem sau thiab tsim kev kos duab raws nws qhov kev paub nrog kev puas hlwb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim kev sib koom tes ntawm lwm cov menyuam, online lossis tus kheej
Ib feem loj ntawm kev lees paub txog kev puas hlwb yog paub tias koj tsis nyob ib leeg, thiab cov menyuam xav tau cov zej zog uas lawv xav tias yog ib feem ntawm. Siv cov chaw zoo li Autism Self-Advocacy Network, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv xeev-los-xeev.
- Vim tias txaj muag lossis nyuaj rau kev sib raug zoo, ntau tus menyuam yaus uas muaj autistic xav tias muaj kev zoo siab sib tham hauv online. Nov yog txoj hauv kev zoo los tsim kev txawj hauv zej zog hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb, xis nyob. Tau kawg, koj yuav tsum tseem saib xyuas koj tus menyuam txoj haujlwm online kom paub tseeb tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb.
- Nrhiav phooj ywg, cov neeg hauv tsev neeg, thiab cov kws qhia ntawv uas "tau" koj tus menyuam. Ntawd yog, cov uas ua rau nws hwm thiab hlub txhua tus menyuam tsim nyog.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txhawb kev qhia tus kheej hauv txhua yam uas tus menyuam nyiam
Cov neeg tsis paub qab hau yuav txaj muag lossis muaj teeb meem nthuav qhia lawv tus kheej nrog cov lus, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias lawv tsis xav kom tau yam tawm ntawm lawv lub hauv siab. Yog tias koj tus menyuam tawm tsam hais lus lossis nthuav tawm lawv tus kheej, txhawb lwm txoj hauv kev xws li kos duab, nkauj, sau ntawv, lossis khoom siv tes ua. Tsis txhob nug kom pom txhua yam, ib yam. Lawv yuav qhia nws nrog koj yog tias lawv xav kom koj pom nws.
- Yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb tias lawv nyiam ua dab tsi, tsuas yog nug. Sim koj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muab cov kev daws teeb meem lossis yuam koj tus kheej lub tswv yim. Tsuas yog mloog koj tus menyuam.
- "Peb muaj tav su tawm - koj xav siv nws li cas?"
Kauj Ruam 4. Nrhiav txoj hauv kev los qhia lawv lub zog nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev
Txhawm rau txhawb kom ua tiav, tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj kev vam meej, yog li nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tso cai rau nws kom ci ntsa iab tiag tiag. Hloov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm, muab plaub lossis tsib qhov sib txawv thiab saib seb lawv nyiam qhov twg. Sim hais ib yam dab tsi zoo li, "Peb yuav tsum tau ntxuav, koj xav tias koj tuaj yeem ua tiav rau peb li cas?"
- Tsis txhob chim siab yog tias txhua yam tsis ua tiav raws li qhov koj nyiam - npau taws tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab uas yuav ua rau muaj kev vam meej yav tom ntej txawm tias nyuaj dua.
- Qhia tshwj xeeb nrog cov lus qhia rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis txhob hais tias "khaws cov pinecones." Qhia lawv kom khaws lawv, muab tso rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab, thiab xa rov qab lub peev xwm mus rau lub chaw tso tsheb.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis txhob yuam neurotypical, lossis "ib txwm," tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam
Qee tus menyuam tawm tsam nrog ob qhov kev nkag siab ib zaug, xws li saib thiab mloog, thiab yog li zam qhov muag thaum raug qhia qee yam. Lawv tsis quav ntsej koj los ntawm kev saib mus deb - lawv tau ua tib zoo mloog. Cov menyuam yaus muaj tus kheej pom txoj hauv kev tshiab los tiv nrog cov neeg uas xav txawv ntawm lawv, thiab koj yuav tsum nthuav qhov kev hwm no rau lawv ib yam. Kom pab ua li no:
- Tsom ntsoov rau cov txiaj ntsig, tsis yog lub sijhawm tam sim no. Tus menyuam tuaj yeem muaj txoj hauv kev sib txawv los ua ib yam, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb dua yog tias lawv ua tiav.
- Ua tib zoo mloog rau lub sijhawm uas lawv xis nyob lossis yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem rov ua cov xwm txheej no ntau dua li cas?
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua tus neeg zoo thiab ua neeg zoo los pab tus menyuam kom nyob zoo thiab ua neeg zoo
Tsis txhob saib tsis taus koj tus kheej txoj kev noj qab haus huv hauv kev rau siab ua kom txhua yam zoo meej rau tus menyuam yaus uas muaj autistic. Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev qhuab qhia lossis qhia menyuam yaus ntawm qhov tsis meej pem, thiab koj yuav tsum lees paub qhov nyuaj ntawd txhawm rau kov yeej nws. Muaj ntau qhov peev txheej thiab txhawb cov zej zog uas koj tuaj yeem sib qhia koj cov kev txhawj xeeb, nrhiav kev daws teeb meem, thiab mloog cov dab neeg los ntawm cov haujlwm uas zoo sib xws:
- https://autisticadvocacy.org/
- https://www.autismacceptancemonth.com/
- https://www.autistichoya.com/
- https://www.thinkingautismguide.com/
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Txhawb Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo, Ua tiav
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua tus saib xyuas ncaj ncees ntawm qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj zog
Txhua tus menyuam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau thaj chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav kom muaj kev txaus siab thiab tsim khoom. Txhua tus menyuam sib txawv, tab sis koj tuaj yeem nrhiav thaj chaw uas ua tiav yooj yim- lawv nyiam ua dab tsi? lawv tau qhuas koj nyob qhov twg? dab tsi yog lawv tus kheej txaus siab rau?
- Yog tias tus menyuam kawm tau lej thiab lej zoo, tab sis tawm tsam Askiv thiab sau ntawv, koj puas tuaj yeem txuas qhov sib txawv nrog cov ntawv tsis yog? Nrhiav cov phau ntawv uas tham nrog lawv cov kev nyiam ua kom yooj yim nyeem.
- Koj tuaj yeem txo lub nra ntawm thaj chaw nyuaj li cas? Piv txwv li, hais tias menyuam yaus nyiam khiav thiab tshawb fawb sab nraud tab sis tawm tsam nrog thaj chaw uas muaj neeg sib sau ua ke? Koj puas tuaj yeem taug kev hloov chaw mus rau qhov chaw ua si hauv zej zog?
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv sijhawm teem sijhawm tsis tu ncua kom cov menyuam taug txoj hauv kev
Feem ntau, cov me nyuam muaj kev puas siab ntsws, ua tau zoo los teev sijhawm. Thaum txiav txim siab sijhawm ua haujlwm tom tsev, so kom txaus, thiab noj mov lossis khoom noj txom ncauj so, ib txwm ua yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj thiab menyuam. Yog tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog txaus, muab lub sijhawm saib thiab daim ntawv theej ntawm lub sijhawm, uas ua rau lawv pom lub qhov rooj ntawm lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm.
- Cov sijhawm teem pom, zoo li cov duab nrog txuas lossis cov apps zoo li Thawj-Tom Qab Pom Sijhawm Pom Zoo, feem ntau yuav pab tau.
- Tshaj tawm cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm 5 txog 10 feeb ua ntej lawv tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb yog thaum ntxov. Tsis txhob hloov lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rau tus menyuam.
- Lub sijhawm ploj lossis ua txhaum txoj haujlwm yam tsis tau ceeb toom tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kev zoo siab thiab ua tiav, tshwj xeeb hauv cov cheeb tsam nyuaj
Kev txhawb nqa qhov zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus menyuam, thiab cov uas nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv tsis txawv. Thaum koj tsis tas yuav pov ib tog rau txhua qhov ua tiav, koj yuav tsum tau ceeb toom thiab qhuas cov menyuam rau lawv txoj kev ua tiav. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum menyuam yaus ua qee yam uas lawv tawm tsam nrog, xws li zaum dhau qhov kev sim nyuaj, nyuaj lossis muab kev nthuav qhia rau hauv chav kawm.
- "Qhov ntawd tsis zoo li yooj yim, tab sis koj tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo kawg!"
- "Kuv paub tias koj tsis nyiam ua qhov ntawd, tab sis kuv zoo siab heev rau koj rau qhov ua li cas los xij!"
- Ib tug menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tawm tsam hais lus nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tib neeg thiab poob ntawm lawv cov tswv yim thaum tham. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua kev zoo siab rau lub siab tawv xav tau sawv thiab tham thawj zaug.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim kom muaj kev sib koom tes pab txhawb nqa uas tus menyuam ntseeg
Muaj cov neeg uas lawv tuaj yeem vam khom yuav pab coj lawv tus kheej zoo tshaj plaws thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev tawm tsam lossis teeb meem. Pab pawg no pib hauv tsev, thiab cov niam txiv thiab cov nus muag yuav tsum tshawb fawb lossis nyeem phau ntawv ntawm kev puas hlwb thiab txhawb cov tswv cuab hauv tsev neeg uas muaj autistic. Tab sis pab pawg yuav tsum loj hlob dhau lub tsev, txiav txim siab tib neeg zoo li:
- Tus thawj xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tus kws pab qhia
- Hais lus pathologists
- Tus kws kho mob lub cev/ua haujlwm
- Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb
- Cov kws pab tshwj xeeb lossis pab qhia.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nco ntsoov tias autism tsis yog kab mob, tab sis yog txoj hauv kev
Ntau qhov kev tawm tsam nrog kev puas hlwb yog los ntawm kev ntseeg tias qee yam "tsis raug." Tab sis cov me nyuam autistic pom lub ntiaj teb sib txawv, tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Kawm paub daws cov kev sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb los pab txhawb cov menyuam kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm "kab mob" los ntawm qhov sib npaug koj tiv thaiv cov menyuam tsis hnov mob lossis mob, ua rau lawv xav tias muaj peev xwm ua tiav.
- Txawm hais tias yooj yim "peb zoo siab heev rau koj rau _," lossis "koj tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo rau qhov ntawd!" yuav mus ntev.
- Sim tsis txhob thov txim lossis thov txim rau tus menyuam tus cwj pwm. Txawm hais tias tib neeg tsis nkag siab txog dab tsi tshwm sim, tsis txhob tso menyuam yaus ua rau lwm tus zoo siab. Es tsis txhob "uas yog phem!" tsom rau "yuav ua li cas peb tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv tom ntej?"
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Txhawb Kev Kawm Tau Zoo hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Tham txog tus menyuam qhov kev xav tau nrog tsev kawm ntawv tam sim ntawd tsis txhob tos
Cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv Asmeskas thiab thoob plaws ntiaj teb yuav tsum muab cov menyuam muaj qhov tsis zoo Qhov Kev Kawm Tshwj Xeeb, lossis IEP, txhawm rau pab lawv ua tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Ua ntej koj pib tham qhov no sai dua, nws yuav yooj yim dua los ua, tau txais koj tus menyuam qhov kev pab tshwj xeeb thiab kev saib xyuas uas lawv xav tau.
Tham nrog tsev kawm ntawv cov kws pab tswv yim qhia sai li sai tau thaum pom tias muaj tus mob vwm. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij pom zoo IEPs thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos
Kauj Ruam 2. Tso cai "hnov qab so" thaum sim lossis teeb meem nyuaj siab
Koj tuaj yeem cia tus menyuam taug kev sab nraum ob peb feeb, tso cai rau qee lub xim lossis sijhawm ua si, lossis tsuas yog cia lawv zaum thiab so. Cias muab sijhawm rau lawv ob peb lub sijhawm kom rov ua siab ntev, vim tias ntau yam kev ntxhov siab thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm chav kawm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau dhau. Cov so no pab lawv daws qee qhov kev nyuaj siab ntawd.
- "Koj zoo li ntxhov siab, cia so thiab rov qab los."
- "Lub sijhawm ncab! Cia peb so 5 feeb ua ntej pib dua."
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv cov khoom siv pom kev rau lub sijhawm, qhia, thiab ua haujlwm
Tsis txhob cia siab rau kev tham lossis sau ntawv kom pab tau cov ntsiab lus thoob plaws. Cov menyuam yaus muaj tus kheej feem ntau hnov zoo rau cov khoom siv pom kev, yog li siv cov duab nrog rau kev hais lus kom suav nrog lawv hauv kev ua ub no thiab khoom siv. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov duab, xws li siv daim duab ntawm cov qhaub cij hloov lo lus "noj su," lossis siv ntau yam kev pab pom kev zoo li duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab thaum kawm.
- Rau cov menyuam yaus, xav txog daim npav daim duab, nrog duab zoo li chav dej, zaub mov, lossis xaum xim uas koj tuaj yeem qhia rau lawv thaum cov lus tsis ua haujlwm.
- Txhua tus menyuam muaj kev kawm sib txawv. Qee tus nyiam nyeem ntawv, lwm tus los mloog, thiab lwm tus nyiam kev sib cuam tshuam ncaj qha. Los ntawm kev sim siv ob rau peb yam sib txawv ib zaug (piv txwv li kev pab pom kev thaum qhia, cov vis dis aus tom qab los ntawm kev sib tham, thiab lwm yam) koj tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov menyuam ntawm txhua qhov kev kawm muaj peev xwm thiab ua tau zoo.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom yoog raws nrog cov teeb meem thiab cov haujlwm
Ib tus menyuam yaus uas tsis txawj xav yuav tsis xis nyob thaum ua ib pab pawg. Nws tuaj yeem tawm tsam nrog kev sib raug zoo hauv nws lub neej tag nrho, thiab yuam nws mus rau cov xwm txheej no tas li yuav tsis ua dab tsi tab sis ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Nco ntsoov tias lub hom phiaj ntawm tsev kawm ntawv yog kawm thiab loj hlob, tsis txhob kov yeej cov ntawv teev tseg, ntawv xeem, hais lus, thiab lwm yam. Puas muaj txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no tib yam thoob plaws yam tsis yuam tus menyuam mus rau qhov xwm txheej uas lawv tau ua tsis tiav ?
- Es tsis txhob yuam tus menyuam hais lus nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm chav kawm, cia lawv tsim lossis tsim qee yam, zoo li diorama. Lawv tuaj yeem sib qhia qhov no nrog lwm tus hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus.
- Thaum xeem, txiav txim siab tso cai rau lawv xeem sib cais yog tias lawv muaj teeb meem zaum zaum ntev, lossis muab qhov kev xeem hais lus yog tias lawv zoo li tau txais lub tswv yim.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua cov lus qhia ntxaws thiab tshwj xeeb, nrog cov hom phiaj ntsuas tau
Cov menyuam yaus muaj tus kheej feem ntau coj yam lus tiag tiag, thiab lawv tuaj yeem tawm tsam nrog cov ntsiab lus tsis meej lossis lub hom phiaj. Tsis txhob hais tias, "kawm ib teev los npaj." Hloov chaw, qhia lawv ua 10 qhov teeb meem xyaum los ntawm txhua ntu thiab tshawb xyuas cov lus teb. Thaum muab cov ntawv, muab lawv cov ntsiab lus txwv thiab thaj tsam npog rau txhua kab lus.
- Rov hais dua cov lus qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj txhawj xeeb tias lawv tsis hla mus. Kev rov ua dua yog ib txwm pab tau.
- Tsis txhob txhawj xeeb txog kev txhawb nqa lossis tshwj xeeb dhau. Koj xav ua kom tawg txhua yam rau hauv qhov ua tau, cov lus tseeb.
- Tsis txhob hais lus piv txwv, lossis tsis meej pem. Tej yam zoo li, "daim ntawv yuav tsum ntev li ntev tau nws yuav tsum tau" yuav tsim kev tsis meej pem yam tsis raug cai.
Kauj Ruam 6. Kawm kom paub ua ntej thiab tawm ntawm cov xwm txheej uas ua rau chav kawm poob
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ceeb toom cov teeb meem uas yuav los txog thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txwv lawv ua ntej lawv tshwm sim. Tham nrog niam txiv kom tau txais lus qhia, thiab ua rau koj lub qhov muag tawm rau cov lus ceeb toom. Cov menyuam feem ntau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tics, zoo li tig, quaj, lossis ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj nkag mus rau qhov tawg. Thaum koj tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ib txwm muaj, sim ua tus tiv thaiv thaum twg los tau:
- Muab chaw rau lawv kom nyob nyab xeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to - mus taug kev, cia lawv ua lwm txoj haujlwm los ntawm lawv tus kheej, lossis tsuas yog cia lawv zaum sab nraum ob peb feeb.
- Hais lus ntsiag to thiab ntsiag to. Qee tus menyuam yuav teb zoo rau kov, xws li maj mam, rov qab rub, tab sis tsis txhob sim qhov no tshwj tsis yog koj paub tias lawv yuav ua li cas.
