Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob muaj kev pheej hmoo tau txais kev raug mob los ntawm koob thiab lwm yam cuab yeej siv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tawv nqaij (ntse). Qhov tseeb, nws tau kwv yees tias ntau dua 600, 000 rab koob raug mob tshwm sim rau Asmeskas cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv txhua xyoo, txhua qhov muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob, kab mob xws li kab mob siab B, kab mob siab C thiab HIV. Ib rab koob (lossis rab riam) raug mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau yooj yim thiab kis tau tuaj yeem ua raws, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tau ceev faj tam sim kom tsis txhob kis kab mob. Saib Kauj Ruam 1 kom paub seb yuav ua dab tsi.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Ua Thawj Qhov Kev Pab Cuam
Kauj Ruam 1. Txhawb kom ntshav los ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj
Ua qhov no los ntawm kev tso dej txias hla thaj chaw los ntshav li ob peb feeb. Txoj kev no muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob tawm ntawm lub qhov txhab thiab ntxuav tam sim, txo qis kev nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Thaum tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv koj cov ntshav, nws yuav pib nce ntxiv, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom cov kab mob vais lav nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav thawj zaug.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxuav lub qhov txhab
Maj mam ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm rab koob los yog rab riam nkag nrog xab npum ntau tom qab koj tau mob qhov txhab thiab dej nyab rau ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no yuav pab tua cov kab mob thiab kab mob, tshem tawm cov chaw kis kab mob thiab txo txoj hauv kev kis mob.
- Tsis txhob txhuam qhov txhab thaum koj tab tom ntxuav nws. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob hnyav dua.
- Tsis txhob sim nqus lub qhov txhab.
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhuav thiab npog lub qhov txhab
Siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj menyuam kom qhuav lub qhov txhab thiab tam sim npog lub qhov txhab nrog cov yas tsis muaj dej lossis hnav khaub ncaws.
Kauj Ruam 4. Yaug cov ntshav thiab rab koob tso rau lwm qhov ntawm koj lub cev nrog dej
Yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm rab koob tawg rau lub qhov ntswg, qhov ncauj, ntsej muag lossis lwm qhov tawv nqaij, ntxuav lawv nrog xab npum zoo.
Kauj Ruam 5. Txhim kho qhov muag nrog ntsev, dej huv lossis tsis muaj dej tsis huv
Maj mam yaug lub qhov muag yog tias muaj kev sib tsoo tshwm sim nyob ntawd.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tshem tawm thiab hloov khaub ncaws uas muaj kuab paug
Muab cov khaub ncaws tso rau hauv lub hnab ntim khoom tos tos ntxuav thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Tom qab tsis hnav khaub ncaws, ntxuav koj txhais tes thiab ib feem ntawm lub cev uas muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov khaub ncaws uas muaj peev xwm kis tau, tom qab ntawd tsis txhob hnav khaub ncaws tshiab.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Nrhiav Kev Kho Mob
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim
Koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov raug mob thiab tham txog qhov yuav kis tau tus kab mob. Koj cov ntshav yuav raug kuaj xyuas seb puas xav tau kev kho ntxiv.
- Yog tias paub tias kis tau rau lwm cov kab mob, yuav kho tam sim. Qhov no tuaj yeem koom nrog tshuaj tua kab mob lossis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, nyob ntawm koj keeb kwm yav dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab seb puas yuav kis tau tus kab mob HIV
Kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua tam sim kom tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pov thawj tias kev hloov pauv mus los vim yog rab koob raug mob rau HIV yog li 0.03 feem pua. Qhov feem pua no tsawg heev, yog li tsis tas yuav ntshai.
- Tus kab mob HIV ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm cuam tshuam thiab tus neeg uas nws cov ntshav tau hloov pauv yuav raug kuaj xyuas. Tsev kho mob thiab lwm qhov chaw kho mob tau muaj kev sim sai sai los txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kab mob HIV.
- Yog tias muaj qhov tshwm sim, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (paub tias yog kis tau tus kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, lossis PEP) yuav tsum tau ua, tshwj xeeb tshaj li ib teev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rov tuaj yeem txo qhov kis tau tus mob yog muab sai sai tom qab kis tau tus kab mob. Txhua lub tsev kho mob thiab tsev kho mob muaj cov txheej txheem rau qhov ua sai sai thaum teb rau rab koob raug mob.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav txim seb puas muaj lwm yam kev raug
Qhov kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob siab yog siab dua qhov ntawd rau HIV (kwv yees li 30% rau Kab Mob Siab B thiab kwv yees li 10% rau Kab Mob Siab C), yog li kev nqis tes ua nrawm yog qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev ntsuas tiv thaiv (piv txwv li, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab).
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Ua Raws Li
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia qhov xwm txheej
Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem qhia ntawm koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia rau koj chaw ua haujlwm paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, thiab cov txheeb cais kom sib sau tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev coj ua haujlwm rau txhua tus neeg txoj kev nyab xeeb yav tom ntej. Qhov no suav nrog kev raug mob nrog tsis muaj menyuam, "huv" cov pas.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tau taug qab kuaj thiab saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj qhov rov zoo
Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm lub sijhawm xav tau los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub qhov rais, lub sijhawm uas ib tus neeg kis tus kab mob tseem kuaj tsis pom zoo, txawm hais tias tus kab mob sib kis.
- Kev rov ntsuam xyuas tus kab mob HIV feem ntau tshwm sim rau rau lub lis piam, peb, rau, thiab 12 lub hlis txhawm rau nrhiav tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HIV.
- Kev rov tshuaj xyuas HCV cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau tshwm sim rau rau lub lis piam tom qab qhov xwm txheej, thiab ntxiv ntawm plaub txog rau rau lub hlis.
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Paub
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj phiaj xwm rau lwm zaus
Yog tias koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm tseem tsis tau muaj daim ntawv tso cai kho mob raug mob hnyav, tsim ib qho. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj nyob dawb ntawm txhua tus xov tooj lossis muaj lub cev ntawm cov chaw muag tshuaj, tsev kho mob, chaw kho mob, thiab lwm qhov chaw kho mob.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv txhua lub sijhawm
Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization) pom zoo rau cov hauv qab no rau cov chaw ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog rab rab rab koob:
- Ntxuav tes tom qab sib cuag nrog cov neeg mob.
- Siv cov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xws li hnab looj tes, khaub ncaws hnav, aprons, daim npog qhov ncauj, thiab tsom iav thaum nyob hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov ntshav thiab lwm yam kua hauv lub cev.
- Sau thiab pov tseg cov koob thiab rab phom kom nyab xeeb. Siv cov ntawv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau mob.
- Tiv thaiv ob txhais tes rov ua dua ntawm koob. Siv cov txheej txheem ib rab koob capping.
- Npog txhua qhov kev txiav thiab puas nrog hnav khaub ncaws tsis muaj dej.
- Tam sim thiab ua tib zoo ntxuav cov ntshav thiab lwm yam kua hauv lub cev nrog hnab looj tes.
- Siv cov txheej txheem nyab xeeb rau kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv pov tseg thiab pov tseg.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm hauv lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm
Cov khw muag tshuaj pleev, khw muag khoom, thiab ntau yam ntxiv ntawm chaw ua haujlwm kuj ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev pheej hmoo raug mob hnyav. Ua raws li kev ceev faj hauv qab no:
- Hnav khaub ncaws kom tsim nyog thiab tiv thaiv iav thaum tuav cov khoom muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai xws li hnab khib nyiab lossis khaws cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
- Saib xyuas thaum tuav koj txhais tes rau hauv qhov chaw uas koj tsis tuaj yeem pom, xws li cov dab dej, qhov, nraub qaum ntawm lub txaj thiab rooj zaum, thiab lwm yam.
- Hnav cov khau tawv thaum taug kev los lossis ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw uas paub siv tshuaj, xws li chaw ua si, ntug hiav txwv, cov chaw thauj mus los rau pej xeem, thiab lwm yam.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob cuam tshuam yam tsis tsim nyog thaum ua haujlwm nrog koob thiab koob txhaj tshuaj
Ua siab ncaj rau koj txoj haujlwm thiab ntawm yam koj tab tom ua tam sim no txhua lub sijhawm.
- Tsis txhob saib mus deb lossis ua haujlwm tsis zoo thaum cuam tshuam nrog rab koob.
- Ceev faj nrog cov neeg mob nyob tsis tswm lossis ua rau neeg ntshai uas tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim thaum koj tso lossis thim koob. Ua kom lawv rov zoo thiab tsuas yog siv rab koob thaum koj paub tseeb tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los ua li ntawd.
